Leaf size and surface characteristics of Betula papyrifera exposed to elevated CO2 and O3

Riikonen, Johanna; Percy, Kevin E.; Kivimäenpää, Minna; Kubiske, Mark E.; Nelson, Neil D.; Vapaavuori, Elina; Karnosky, David F.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.034

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It has been reported that elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations may influence both cell division (Kinsman et al 1997) and expansion (Taylor et al 2003;Kontunen-Soppela et al 2010;Riikonen et al 2010). Leaf size is determined by cell division and expansion, which are controlled in a coordinated manner during organogenesis by a complex network of factors, including plant hormones, in response to environmental cues (Nishimura et al 2004;Tsukaya 2006;Riikonen et al 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of CO₂enrichment and increased nitrogen supply on the induction of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) primary leaf senescence

Canales¹,

Haba²,

Barrientos³

et al. 2016

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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A study was made of the effect of atmospheric CO 2 enrichment and increased nitrogen availability on primary leaf senescence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). First, markers normally used for monitoring leaf development (dry weight, leaf surface area, protein content, photosynthetic pigment levels, CO 2 fixation rate, changes in the enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, and plant-tissue oxidative status) were measured in plants grown for 42 days under ambient (400 μL L −1 ) or enriched CO 2 conditions (800 μL L −1 ), and with two different levels of nitrate supply (10 mM and 25 mM). Second, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to compare primary-leaf protein profiles (16 and 42 days) in sunflowers grown under ambient or enriched CO 2 conditions with elevated nitrate supply. Plants grown under enriched CO 2 conditions and with high nitrogen supply displayed faster growth, a higher CO 2 fixation rate, and increased activity by antioxidative and nitrogen-metabolism-related enzymes than those grown under elevated CO 2 with low nitrogen supply. These findings indicate that CO 2 enrichment and increased nitrate availability slow down the induction of senescence, suggesting that senescence may be directly related to leaf C/N ratio. These results enhance our understanding of the sunflower's response to increased atmospheric CO 2 levels, one of the environmental factors favoring climate change.Key words: development, growth parameters, Helianthus annuus L., photosynthesis, proteins.Résumé : Les auteurs ont examiné les effets de l'enrichissement de l'air avec du CO 2 et d'une plus grande disponibilité d'azote sur la sénescence des feuilles primaires du tournesol (Helianthus annuus L.). Ils ont d'abord mesuré les marqueurs qui servent habituellement à surveiller le développement du feuillage (poids sec, surface foliaire, teneur en protéines, concentration de pigments photosynthétiques, taux de fixation du CO 2 , modification au niveau des enzymes qui interviennent dans le métabolisme de l'azote et bilan oxydatif des tissus végétaux) chez des plants cultivés pendant 42 jours dans des conditions ambiantes (400 μL de CO 2 par litre) ou enrichies (800 μL de CO 2 par litre), à deux taux d'application de nitrate (10 mM et 25 mM). Ensuite, ils ont recouru à l'électrophorèse bidimensionnelle pour comparer le profil protéinique des feuilles primaires (à 16 et à 42 jours) des tournesols cultivés dans l'un ou l'autre milieu, avec un apport élevé d'azote. Comparativement à celles cultivées dans un milieu pauvre en CO 2 et en azote, les plantes poussant dans un milieu enrichi de CO 2 avec un apport élevé d'azote se sont caractérisées par une croissance plus rapide, un meilleur taux de fixation du CO 2 et une activité supérieure des enzymes antioxydants et des enzymes liés au métabolisme de l'azote. Ces constatations indiquent que l'enrichissement avec du CO 2 et la disponibilité d'une quantité supérieure de nitrate ralentissent la sénescence, et que cette dernière pourrait être directement reliée au ratio C/N...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of CO₂enrichment and increased nitrogen supply on the induction of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) primary leaf senescence

Canales¹,

Haba²,

Barrientos³

et al. 2016

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…These responses are in accordance with previous findings; for example Handa et al (2005) reported that defoliated conifers under free air CO 2 enrichment prioritized the production of needles and consequently over-compensated their height growth. Typically, elevated temperature or CO 2 enhances growth by accelerating carbon assimilation (Riikonen et al 2005;Mäenpää et al 2011) and stimulating both cell production and expansion (Riikonen et al 2010;Mäenpää et al 2011). Defoliation and fertilizing have similar effects on trees; they both enhance photosynthesis, which increases carbohydrate availability for the growing organs (Huttunen et al 2007;Turnbull et al 2007;Maier et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, some prominent examples of over-compensative growth have come from experiments where plants were cultivated under conditions that favored their performance (Wise and Abrahamson 2008). It is possible that the ability of trees to recover from defoliation is improved by global patterns of increasing atmospheric CO 2 and temperature, and modified by concurrent changes in mineral nitrogen availability (Anttonen et al 2002;Niinemets et al 2002;Zhang et al 2006;Riikonen et al 2010). For instance, long-term exposure to elevated CO 2 has restored the photosynthetic capacity of defoliated trees to equivalent of that of intact counterparts growing under ambient CO 2 (Handa et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of defoliation and climate change on compensatory growth of silver birch seedlings

Huttunen¹,

Ayres²,

Niemelä³

et al. 2013

Silva Fenn.

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Interactive effects of defoliation and climate change on compensatory growth of silver birch seedlings Huttunen L., Ayres M.P., Niemelä P., Heiska S., Tegelberg R., Rousi M., Kellomäki S. (2013). Interactive effects of defoliation and climate change on compensatory growth of silver birch seedlings. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 3 article id 964. 14 p. Highlights• The main components affecting growth compensation in silver birch seedlings are the timing and severity of foliage damage.• The ability to compensate growth is also dependent upon the limits of temperature and nutrient availability.• The responses of birches imply that folivory does not necessarily lead to reduced net productivity under changing climate. AbstractAtmospheric warming increases the abundance of insect herbivores and intensifies the risk of defoliation, especially in high latitude forests. At the same time, the effects of increasing temperature and CO 2 on plant responses to foliage damage are poorly understood. We examined if previous-year defoliation, varying between 0 and 75% of total leaf area, and different combinations of elevated temperature, CO 2 and nutrient availability alter the growth of two-year old silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings. We measured the greatest height growth in seedlings that were fertilized and defoliated twice at the level of 50% of total leaf area, and subjected to elevated temperature with ambient CO 2 . The lowest growth was recorded in unfertilized seedlings that were defoliated twice at the level of 25% of total leaf area, and grew under ambient temperature with ambient CO 2 . The total biomass increased in all seedlings that were fertilized or grew under elevated temperature. The root: shoot ratios were low in defoliated seedlings, or seedlings subjected to fertilization or temperature elevation. Our conclusion is that ability of birches to compensate height growth is highly dependent upon the magnitude and frequency of defoliation on the limits of temperature and nutrient availability. These responses imply that folivory does not necessarily lead to reduced net productivity of trees under changing climate.

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“…Responses of trees in the amount of foliage (Talhelm et al, 2012;King et al, 2005; and also in the total leaf area (Uddling et al, 2008;Kull et al, 2005;Riikonen et al, 2004) are significant, as elevated CO 2 alleviated the negative effects of O 3 . These parameters may be affected by the treatments through changes in spatial leaf distribution within trees (Kull et al, 2003), leaf size (Riikonen et al, 2010(Riikonen et al, , 2008aPeltonen et al, 2005;Mortensen, 1995), and leaf thickness (Riikonen et al, 2010(Riikonen et al, , 2008aOksanen et al, 2005b;Eichelmann et al, 2004).…”

Section: Combined Effects Of Co 2 and Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiological Responses of Northern Birch Forests to the Changing Atmospheric CO2 and O3 Concentrations

Kawaguchi¹,

Hoshika²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2012

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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The effects on birch (Betula spp.) of elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ), which are both increasing in the troposphere, are surveyed in detail based on the literature. Birches establish themselves in the open field after disturbances, and then become dominant trees in temperate or boreal forests. Ecophysiological approaches include the measurement of photosynthesis, biomass, growth, and survival of seedlings and trees. Elevated CO 2 levels give rise to a net enhancement of the growth of birch trees, whereas high O 3 generally reduces growth. Although the effects of the two are opposed, there is also an interactive effect. Basic physiological responses of the single genus Betula to CO 2 and O 3 are set out, and some data are summarized regarding ecological interactions between trees, or between trees and other organisms.

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Leaf size and surface characteristics of Betula papyrifera exposed to elevated CO2 and O3

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of CO₂enrichment and increased nitrogen supply on the induction of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) primary leaf senescence

Effect of CO₂enrichment and increased nitrogen supply on the induction of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) primary leaf senescence

Interactive effects of defoliation and climate change on compensatory growth of silver birch seedlings

Ecophysiological Responses of Northern Birch Forests to the Changing Atmospheric CO2 and O3 Concentrations

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Leaf size and surface characteristics of Betula papyrifera exposed to elevated CO2 and O3

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of CO2enrichment and increased nitrogen supply on the induction of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) primary leaf senescence

Effect of CO2enrichment and increased nitrogen supply on the induction of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) primary leaf senescence

Interactive effects of defoliation and climate change on compensatory growth of silver birch seedlings

Ecophysiological Responses of Northern Birch Forests to the Changing Atmospheric CO2 and O3 Concentrations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effect of CO₂enrichment and increased nitrogen supply on the induction of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) primary leaf senescence

Effect of CO₂enrichment and increased nitrogen supply on the induction of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) primary leaf senescence