Leaf‐shaped CPW‐fed UWB antenna with triple notch bands for ground penetrating radar applications

Abstract

A compact (38.31 mm × 34.52 mm × 0.8 mm) leaf shaped CPW fed ultra‐wideband antenna is proposed. The antenna gives wide impedance bandwidth from 2.58 GHz to 11.62 GHz with sharp triple notch bands (3.28 GHz–3.82 GHz, 5.12 GHz–5.4 GHz, and 5.7 GHz–6 GHz) to eliminate interference from co‐existing IEEE 802.16 WiMAX (3.3 GHz–3.8 GHz), IEEE 802.11y (3.65 GHz–3.69 GHz), IEEE 802.11a WLAN (5.15 GHz–5.35 GHz and 5.725 GHz–5.825 GHz), and IEEE 802.11p DSRC (5.85 GHz–5.925 GHz) bands. The antenna provides minimal gain variation (2–5 dBi), flat group delay response and non‐varying transfer function with high average efficiency of 88% in the pass band. Significant drop in gain and efficiency, nonlinearity in transfer function, and high variation in group delay are observed at notch bands. Antenna VSWR, and efficiency are measured in close proximity of sand, wood, and glass. Satisfactory results ensure its ability to work as Ground penetrating radar antenna.

A state-of-art review on band-notch characteristics in UWB antennas

“…In order to increase the applicability of UWB antennas and reduce the probability of potential interference from nearby narrowband communication systems, the UWB antennas with triple notch characteristics are extensively developed now‐a‐days. By etching multiple slots or installing multiple stubs parasitic elements triple notch characteristics is obtained …”

“…Based on the literature available here, triple band notch characteristics are realized on different antenna configurations with various techniques have been proposed at different frequencies. These band notched techniques are summarized in the Table with their cited reference.…”

“…153 Symmetrical rectangular split rings are etched out from the radiator in addition to circular SRR pair incorporated at the bottom layer for procuring the desired notched band. 154 Two open ended quarter wavelength slots backed by an open loop resonator is used in 155 for creating multiple notches.…”

Experimental study of a printed ultra‐wideband modified circular monopole antenna

“…The allocation of huge unlicensed spectrum of 7.5 GHz (3.1‐10.6 GHz) by Federal Communication Commission (FCC) in 2002 grew more research interest in this domain . Design of transmitting and receiving antennae for UWB radio demands to match some special requirements such as very wide impedance band, flat gain, high radiation efficiency, light weight, and compact size . The antenna also needs to be nondispersive in nature .…”

“…1 Design of transmitting and receiving antennae for UWB radio demands to match some special requirements such as very wide impedance band, flat gain, high radiation efficiency, light weight, and compact size. [2][3][4][5] The antenna also needs to be nondispersive in nature. [6][7][8] Liang et al proposed a printed circular disk monopole (CDM) antenna of dimension 50 × 42 × 0.3 mm 3 in Reference 9, which can provide wide impedance band of 2.8 to 9.85 GHz with very poor gain response up to 6 GHz.…”