Leaf Primordia-Free Shoot Apical Meristem Culture: A New Method for Production of Viroid-Free Plants

Hosokawa, Munetaka

doi:10.2503/jjshs1.77.341

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…SAMs of a CSVd-susceptible cultivar infected with CSVd produced infected leaves, but SAMs of C7 produced CSVd signal-free leaves on in situ hybridization (Nabeshima et al, unpublished data). In some cases, although CSVd was able to invade C7 SAMs, CSVd signals disappeared during culture (Hosokawa, 2008). These results indicated that resistant plants have "resistant shoot tips" that can prevent infection or reduce the titer in sequentially expanding leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…One of the most pronounced characteristics of resistant strains is CSVd distribution in their shoot tips. In CSVd-resistant strains, a few months after infection, CSVd was undetectable not only in shoot apical meristems (SAMs) but also in newly expanded leaves and stems (Hosokawa, 2008). These observations indicated that CSVd could not enter or proliferate in shoot tips of resistant strains, and therefore, the SAMs produced non-infected leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…CSVd was inoculated into two to six plants of each of the 85 cultivars by the LP-free SAM culture method (Hosokawa, 2008). All LP were removed using sterilized compressed air according to Suzue et al (2009), and SAMs were washed with sodium hypochlorite solution with 0.005% available chlorine.…”

Section: Csvd Inoculation By the Lp-free Sam Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening of Chrysanthemum Cultivars with Resistance to Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid

Nabeshima

Hosokawa

Yano

et al. 2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Cultivars resistant to chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) are desirable for stable production of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.). We previously reported that CSVd was absent not only from shoot apical meristems (SAMs) but also from leaf primordia (LP) of resistant plants following CSVd inoculation. Using this characteristic as a phenotypic marker, we could identify several resistant cultivars in this study. CSVd was inoculated directly into the SAMs of 85 commercial cultivars by attaching SAMs to infected root tips in vitro, and the cultivars were tested for the presence of CSVd in newly expanded leaves. Of the 85 cultivars, 20 resistant candidates could be identified. These plants were classified into two types according to their CSVd infection characteristics: a CSVd-uninfected or slow titer-increasing type and a CSVd-disappearance type. Scions of four of the 20 candidate cultivars were grafted to CSVd-infected rootstocks for evaluation of the CSVd titer in newly expanded leaves. Although CSVd was detected at high titer in two candidate cultivars over the two-month testing period, 'Sei no Issei' and 'Mari Kazaguruma', other two candidate cultivars, proved to be resistant cultivars. In 'Sei no Issei', CSVd was detected temporarily after grafting, but titers decreased in the newly expanded leaves, while CSVd was not detected in a shoot tip of an infected plant and only at trace levels in a young leaf. 'Mari Kazaguruma' also proved to be a resistant cultivar with a slow titer increase. The different types of CSVd resistance in chrysanthemum cultivars will contribute to CSVd-resistant breeding. With some modifications, the in vitro screening method established here will be available for broadening the diversity of genetic resources resistant to CSVd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Screening of Chrysanthemum Cultivars with Resistance to Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid

Nabeshima

Hosokawa

Yano

et al. 2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…S3). The ability of TSV to invade reproductive organs is indicated by its high seed transmission ratio [2.6-30.6 % in soybean (Ghanekar and Schwenk 1974); 6.8-48 % in Parthenium hysterophorus (Sharman et al 2009); and 0-35 % in strawberry (Johnson et al 1984)] and its low elimination ratio by ordinary apical meristem culture (Naka et al 2007) or LP-free SAM culture in dahlia (Hosokawa 2008). Owing to its ability to invade floral organs, TSV dahlia may be able to suppress PTGS efficiently in dahlia petals and induce flower color change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco streak virus (strain dahlia) suppresses post-transcriptional gene silencing of flavone synthase II in black dahlia cultivars and causes a drastic flower color change

Deguchi

Tatsuzawa

Hosokawa

et al. 2015

Planta

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Tobacco streak virus suppressed post-transcriptional gene silencing and caused a flower color change in black dahlias, which supported the role of cyanidin-based anthocyanins for black flower appearance. Black flower color of dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) has been attributed, in part, to the high accumulation of cyanidin-based anthocyanins that occurs when flavone synthesis is reduced because of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of flavone synthase II (DvFNS). There are also purple-flowering plants that have emerged from a black cultivar 'Kokucho'. We report that the purple color is not caused by a mutation, as previously thought, but by infection with tobacco streak virus (TSVdahlia), which suppresses the PTGS of DvFNS. When TSVdahlia was eliminated from the purple-flowering 'Kokucho' by leaf primordia-free shoot apical meristem culture, the resulting flowers were black. TSVdahlia-infected purple flowers had lower numbers of siRNAs to DvFNS than black flowers, suggesting that TSVdahlia has a silencing suppressor. The graft inoculation of other black cultivars with TSVdahlia altered their flower color drastically except for 'Fidalgo Blacky', a very deep black cultivar with the highest amount of cyanidin-based anthocyanins. The flowers of all six TSVdahlia-infected cultivars accumulated increased amounts of flavones and reduced amounts of cyanidin-based anthocyanins. 'Fidalgo Blacky' remained black despite the change in pigment accumulation, and the amounts of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in its TSVdahlia-infected plants were still higher than those of other cultivars. We propose that black flower color in dahlia is controlled by two different mechanisms that increase the amount of cyanidin-based anthocyanins: DvFNS PTGS-dependent and -independent mechanisms. If both mechanisms occur simultaneously, the flower color will be blacker than if only a single mechanism is active.

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“…Banerjee et al (2010) reported freeing an Artemisia species of a phytoplasm utilizing apical meristem culture. Meristem culture was reported to free plants of viroid infection (Hosokawa, 2008). Strawberry plants were freed of the crown rot pathogen through meristem culture (Whitehouse et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Meristem Culture for Virus-Free Plants

Smith

2013

Plant Tissue Culture

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Leaf Primordia-Free Shoot Apical Meristem Culture: A New Method for Production of Viroid-Free Plants

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Screening of Chrysanthemum Cultivars with Resistance to Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid

Screening of Chrysanthemum Cultivars with Resistance to Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid

Tobacco streak virus (strain dahlia) suppresses post-transcriptional gene silencing of flavone synthase II in black dahlia cultivars and causes a drastic flower color change

Meristem Culture for Virus-Free Plants

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