Leaf plasticity contributes to plant anti-herbivore defenses and indicates selective foraging: Implications for sustainable grazing

Li, Xiliang; Png, G. Kenny; Li, Yuanheng; Jimoh, Saheed Olaide; Ding, Yulong; Li, Fang; Sun, Shi

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107273

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Bradshaw (2006) noted that changes in plant morphology are one of the driving forces of community succession (Kalske and Kessler, 2020), and are a mechanism to increase plant adaptation under high levels of disturbance. This is a result of long-time interaction between plants and domestic animals (Li et al, 2021). In this experiment, we found that although the Y treatment of K. humilis was small, the density per unit area was high at the population scale.…”

Section: Morphological Changes Of K Humilis In Response To Individual...mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…High photosynthetic efficiency increased the material accumulation of K. humilis, which in turn increased the biomass of the individual plants. Li et al (2021) showed that the physical mechanisms of compensatory growth usually include increased photosynthetic efficiency, release of apical dominance, and redistribution of resources (carbohydrates, water, and nutrients). Thus, the S+Y treatment produced compensatory growth in K. humilis, which could have also increased the biomass.…”

Section: Morphological Changes Of K Humilis In Response To Individual...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Grazing Treatments on Phenotypic and Reproductive Plasticity of Kobresia humilis in Alpine Meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Wang

Jing

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Plant phenotypic and reproductive plasticity is strongly influenced by long-term grazing activities. It is important to understand the life history of dominant plant species, such as Kobresia humilis of alpine meadow, for the stability and sustainable grazing administration meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). We compared the effects of different grazing treatments (grazing yak, Y; grazing Tibetan sheep, S; and grazing Tibetan sheep and yak, S+Y) on the reproductive and phenotypic plasticity of K. humilis in an alpine meadows on the northeastern margin of the Qilian Mountains in China. The results showed that different grazing treatments had significantly effects on the K. humilis phenotype and reproductive plasticity. The Y treatment significantly reduced the plant height, crown width and K. humilis biomass, but increased the density, which was 1.27 and 1.53 times higher than that in the S+Y and S treatments, respectively. Further, the S+Y treatment significantly increased the crown width, biomass, and future life expectancy of K. humilis. Whereas the S treatment increased the height of K. humilis significantly, which was 1.57 and 1.10 times higher than that in the Y and S+Y treatments, respectively. Both Y and S treatments significantly increased the sexual reproduction efficacy of K. humilis but reduced the storage efficacy. The storage efficacy at S+Y treatment was highest among these treatments. Further, grazing treatments did not change the resource allocation strategy of K. humilis, while the sexual reproductive efficacy was significantly higher than the vegetative reproduction efficacy. The storage efficacy was significantly higher than the growth efficacy among the different grazing treatments. The increase of Cyperaceae indicates the degradation of Cyperaceae—Poaceae meadows. This study showed that grazing Tibetan sheep is a more sustainable grazing method in cold season pastures of alpine meadows on the QTP.

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Section: Morphological Changes Of K Humilis In Response To Individual...mentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Morphological Changes Of K Humilis In Response To Individual...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Grazing Treatments on Phenotypic and Reproductive Plasticity of Kobresia humilis in Alpine Meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Wang

Jing

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In coffee leaves, when plants were shaded in different levels, mean leaf net photosynthesis was kept at a lower level, which decreased by 20% under shade treatments [44]. However, the situation is not absolutely fixed when they suffer from an adverse environment; they can use other methods such as a change in tissue morphology to avoid these adverse encounters [45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Carbohydrate Metabolism Variation Caused by Late Planting in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) at Reproductive Stage

Ren

Zhu

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Plants

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Delayed planting date of rapeseed is an important factor affecting seed yield. However, regulation of the leaf carbohydrate metabolism in rapeseed by a late planting date at the reproductive stage is scarcely investigated. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of planting dates, including early (15 September), optimal (1 October), late (15 October), and very late (30 October), on leaf growth and carbohydrate biosynthetic and catabolic metabolism at the reproductive stage. The results showed that leaf dry matter decreased linearly on average from 7.48 to 0.62 g plant−1 with an early planting date, whereas it increased at first and peaked at 14 days after anthesis (DAA) with other planting dates. Leaf dry matter was the lowest at the very late planting date during the reproductive stage. For leaf chlorophyll content, rapeseed planted at an optimal date maximized at 14 DAA with an average content of 1.51 mg g−1 fresh weight, whereas it kept high and stable at a very late planting date after 28 DAA. For the carbohydrate catabolic system, acid and neutral invertase (AI and NI, respectively) showed higher activity before 14 DAA, whereas both sucrose synthase (SS) and starch phosphorylase (SP) showed higher activity after 14 DAA. For the carbohydrate biosynthetic system, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) was the highest at the late planting date after 14 DAA, whereas it was at the lowest at the very late planting date. However, the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) at the late and very late planting dates was significantly higher than that of the early and optimal plant dates after 21 DAA, which is in accordance with the leaf total soluble sugar content, suggesting that leaf carbohydrate metabolism is governed by a biosynthetic system. The current study provides new insights on leaf carbohydrate metabolism regulation by late planting in rapeseed at the reproductive stage.

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“…Livestock behaviors affect photosynthesis, respiration and other physiological activity of plants [ 16 ]. Foraging and trampling by livestock directly damaged plant stems and leaves, which altered the functional traits of stems, leaves, and even plant individuals [ 41 ]. Moreover, other livestock behaviors directly or indirectly affect soil physicochemical properties (e.g., soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil nutrient), which decrease the absorption of water and nutrients [ 17 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient reallocation between stem and leaf drives grazed grassland degradation in inner Mongolia, China

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Decline in height and aboveground biomass of the plant community are critical indicators of grassland ecosystem degradation. Nutrient reallocation induced by grazing occurs among different organs, which balances the trade-off between growth and defense. However, it is not yet clear how nutrient reallocation strategies affect plant community structure and functions in grazed grasslands. A grazing experiment was conducted in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. We investigated plant community characteristics and measured plant functional traits of dominant species (Leymus chinensis and Cleistogenes squarrosa) at individual and population levels. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations of stem and leaf in the two species were also determined. Results N, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in leaves and stems of L. chinensis and C. squarrosa significantly increased with grazing intensity, and microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) were more sensitive to grazing. The nutrient slopes of macro- and microelements in leaves were significantly higher than those in stems under grazing, indicating that nutrient resources were preferentially allocated to leaves and enhanced the compensatory growth of leaves in the grazed grassland. With increasing grazing intensity, the aboveground biomass of stems and leaves in the two species significantly decreased, but leaf to stem ratio increased at the individual level, indicating that plants preferentially allocated biomass to leaves under grazing. The increase in leaf to stem ratio due to nutrient reallocation between the two organs significantly reduced height and aboveground biomass at population and community levels, driving grassland ecosystem degradation. Conclusion Our study revealed the driving forces of community structure and function degradation in grazed grasslands from the perspective of nutrient resource allocation, and provided insights into plant adaptation strategies to grazing.

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Leaf plasticity contributes to plant anti-herbivore defenses and indicates selective foraging: Implications for sustainable grazing

Cited by 19 publications

References 69 publications

Effect of Grazing Treatments on Phenotypic and Reproductive Plasticity of Kobresia humilis in Alpine Meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Effect of Grazing Treatments on Phenotypic and Reproductive Plasticity of Kobresia humilis in Alpine Meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Leaf Carbohydrate Metabolism Variation Caused by Late Planting in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) at Reproductive Stage

Nutrient reallocation between stem and leaf drives grazed grassland degradation in inner Mongolia, China

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