Leaf Nutritive Value Related to Tiller Development in Warm-Season Grasses

Hendrickson, John; Moser, Lowell E.; Moore, Kenneth J.; Waller, Steven S.

doi:10.2307/4002367

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Within the 40-d harvest interval, IVDMD was greater for the second ones (650 g·kg −1 DM) than the third (570 g·kg −1 DM) and fourth (480 g·kg −1 DM) harvests ( p < 0.01). These IVDMD values are similar to others in literature for leaves (604 g·kg −1 ) and stems (500 g·kg −1 ) of mixed big bluestem and switchgrass at early head emergence [ 3 , 28 ]. Dry matter digestibility of big bluestem hay has also been found to decline from 678 to 546 g·kg −1 between late July and early August [ 11 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Nutritive Value Response of Native Warm-Season Forage Grasses to Harvest Intervals and Durations in Mixed Stands

Temu

Rude

Baldwin

2014

Plants

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Interest in management of native warm-season grasses for multiple uses is growing in southeastern USA. Forage quality response of early-succession mixed stands of big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii), indiangrass (IG, Sorghastrum nutans), and little bluestem (SG, Schizachyrium scoparium) to harvest intervals (30-, 40-, 60-, 90 or 120-d) and durations (one or two years) were assessed in crop-field buffers. Over three years, phased harvestings were initiated in May, on sets of randomized plots, ≥90 cm apart, in five replications (blocks) to produce one-, two-, and three-year-old stands, by the third year. Whole-plot regrowths were machine-harvested after collecting species (IG and LB) sample tillers for leafiness estimates. Species-specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf-to-stem ratio (LSR) were greater for early-season harvests and shorter intervals. In a similar pattern, whole-plot crude protein concentrations were greatest for the 30-d (74 g·kg−1 DM) and the least (40 g·kg−1 DM) for the 120-d interval. Corresponding neutral detergent fiber (NDF) values were the lowest (620 g·kg−1 DM) and highest (710 g·kg−1 DM), respectively. In vitro dry matter and NDF digestibility were greater for early-season harvests at shorter intervals (63 and 720 g·kg−1 DM). With strategic harvesting, similar stands may produce quality hay for beef cattle weight gain.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Nutritive Value Response of Native Warm-Season Forage Grasses to Harvest Intervals and Durations in Mixed Stands

Temu

Rude

Baldwin

2014

Plants

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“…The contrast in predictability after grazing in June compared to July corresponds to only a 30-day difference in time from the end of grazing to killing frost. The relatively high diversity of plant species in these pastures (Northup 1993) and the potential for many species to grow rapidly from mid-June to mid-July (Hendrickson et al 1997 may have contributed to the greater variability in autumn cover after grazing in June compared to July.…”

Section: Multivariate Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover for Wildlife after Summer Grazing on Sandhills Rangeland

Reece¹,

Volesky²,

Schacht³

2001

Journal of Range Management

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Livestock production and wildlife habitat objectives become antagonistic on grasslands when the architecture of standing herbage needed for key wildlife species limits the amount of forage that can be used by livestock. However, quantitative information needed to achieve cover objectives for wildlife is not available for summer-grazed grasslands. Three replicates of 7 grazing treatments were applied to the same 1.0-ha pastures for 3 years. Treatments included ungrazed control, and grazing at 16, 32, or 48 animal unit days (AUD) ha-1 for 5 to 7 days during mid-June or mid-July. Cover was estimated after killing frost in September by measuring the average height below which complete visual obstruction occurred. Cumulative grazing pressure (AUD Mg-1) was used to describe grazing effects because of measurable differences in herbage among pastures and dates. Grazing in June reduced the average height of autumn cover at a constant rate from 11.0 to 7.0 cm (R 2 = 0.34) as cumulative grazing pressure increased from 16 to 90 AUD Mg-1. In contrast, declines in cover after grazing in July were about 2.6 times greater for cumulative grazing pressures up to 40 AUD Mg-1 (R 2 = 0.62), indicating a measurable decline in plant growth and an increasing dependence of autumn cover on the remaining herbage when grazing ended. Relatively low predictability of autumn cover after June compared to July grazing was offset by more plant growth during the balance of the growing season. Frequency of low-cover patches (≤ 5.0 cm) within pastures was highly correlated (R 2 = 0.94) with mean estimates of autumn cover. Consequently, the quality of cover near potential nesting sites also declined as the average height of cover declined, regardless of grazing date. The interdependence of low-cover patches and mean visual obstruction indicates that either variable could be the primary criterion for nest site selection up to 12 cm in visual obstruction.

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“…Prairie sandreed tiller populations are predominantly vegetative throughout the growing season at The Gudmundsen Laboratory (GSL) (Hendrickson et al 1997). Percentage of tillers grazed increased rapidly from about 48% at 10 AUD Mg -1 to 78% at 30 AUD Mg -1 (Fig.…”

Section: Defoliation Of Prairie Sandreedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Summer Grazing Effects on Defoliation and Tiller Demography of Prairie Sandreed

Cullan¹,

Reece²,

Schacht³

1999

Journal of Range Management

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Grazing strategies should be designed to maintain vigorous populations of plant species critical for livestock production, wildlife habitat, and/or ecosystem functions. Treatments consisting of 5-to 7-day, mid-month grazing periods in June or July at 16, 32, or 48 animal unit days (AUD) per ha, were replicated 3 times and applied to the same pastures in 1995 and 1996 to quantify cattle use and tiller recruitment and mortality of prairie sandreed [Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook) Scribn.], a rhizomatous species characterized by dispersed populations of tillers. Cumulative grazing pressure (AUD Mg-1) was used to quantify treatments because of differences in phytomass among pastures and dates. Grazing pressure ranged from 10 to 90 AUD Mg-1 and accounted for 69, 61, and 77% of the variation in percentage of tillers grazed, mean defoliation of grazed tillers, and use of prairie sandreed, respectively. As grazing pressure increased from 10 AUD Mg-1 , percentage of tillers grazed increased from 48 to 90%; defoliation of grazed tillers increased from 54 to 74%; and utilization of prairie sandreed increased from 27 to 67% at plateaus beginning at 50 to 60 AUD Mg-1. When spring precipitation was above average, 45 to 55% use in June or July increased tiller densities, however, these increases were not sustained or repeated in the following year with average precipitation. Utilization was 50% at 28 AUD Mg-1 and 60% at 40 AUD Mg-1. Relatively large increases in utilization per-unit-change of grazing pressure below 20 AUD Mg-1 indicated that yearling cattle selectively grazed prairie sandreed. The high degree of correlation between percentage of prairie sandreed tillers grazed and use of prairie sandreed (R 2 = 0.91 in June and 0.90 in July) suggests that percentage of grazed tillers can be used to monitor early-summer use of this species in the Nebraska Sandhills.

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Leaf Nutritive Value Related to Tiller Development in Warm-Season Grasses

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Nutritive Value Response of Native Warm-Season Forage Grasses to Harvest Intervals and Durations in Mixed Stands

Nutritive Value Response of Native Warm-Season Forage Grasses to Harvest Intervals and Durations in Mixed Stands

Cover for Wildlife after Summer Grazing on Sandhills Rangeland

Early Summer Grazing Effects on Defoliation and Tiller Demography of Prairie Sandreed

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