Leaf Lettuce Production in California

Smith, Richard; Cahn, Michael; Daugovish, Oleg; Koike, S. T.; Natwick, Eric T.; Smith, H. Clay; Subbarao, Krishna V.; Takele, Etaferahu; Turini, T. A.

doi:10.3733/ucanr.7216

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The crop types in this study appeared to mature at different times and Asian greens grew to a suitable size for salad mix earlier than spinach or lettuce. Certain leafy green cultivars may have slower growth than others when temperatures are below optimal levels (Mansour and Raab, 1996;Rader and Karlsson, 2006;Smith et al, 2011). As a result, the mixed stand of leafy green vegetables grown in this experiment made it difficult to harvest all cultivars at their optimal market maturity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield of Leafy Greens in High Tunnel Winter Production in the Northwest United States

Borrelli¹,

Koenig²,

Jaeckel³

et al. 2013

horts

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Season extension structures like high tunnels make it possible to produce coldtolerant crops during winter months for both a longer cropping season and a winter market season. The effects of location and planting date on the fresh yield of several cultivars of Asian greens (Brassica rapa L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were examined at Moscow, ID/Pullman, WA, and Vancouver, WA, a cold temperate climate and a mild marine climate, respectively. In Winter 2005-06, 20 cultivars were evaluated and in Winter 2006-07 a subset of 12 cultivars were evaluated. Location impacted yield, and higher yields overall were attained at Vancouver than at Moscow/Pullman, likely as a result of more consistent, warmer soil and air temperatures as well as increasing irradiance in February and March at Vancouver. Asian green cultivars had the highest overall yield resulting from faster growth compared with spinach and lettuce cultivars at both locations. Although most lettuce cultivars grew throughout the winter, further research is needed to identify the most suitable cultivars, seeding dates, and planting densities to optimize winter production of this crop and for Asian greens and spinach. Planting date influenced yields with the highest yields obtained for the third planting date for all trials except at Moscow/Pullman in the second year. Overall, this research suggests that it is possible to grow many cold-tolerant cultivars of Asian greens, spinach, and lettuce in a high tunnel during the winter months in both mild and cold temperate northern climates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield of Leafy Greens in High Tunnel Winter Production in the Northwest United States

Borrelli¹,

Koenig²,

Jaeckel³

et al. 2013

horts

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“…Romaine lettuce has long, broad, upright leaves, with a firm rib that almost reaches the tip of the leaf and the leaf texture is hard and crispy. These differences in lettuce type may result in different performances under low potassium conditions, due to differences in plant form (Smith et al, 2011), plant vigor (Wallace et al, 2012), and leaf morphology (Mou, 2008). It is therefore necessary to study how each lettuce type responds to reduced potassium in a nutrient solution in terms of plant growth and photosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Growth and Photosynthesis Response to Low Potassium Conditions in Three Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) Types

Zhong¹,

Johkan²,

Hohjo³

et al. 2017

The Hortic J

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Chronic kidney disease has become a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in plant growth and photosynthesis among three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types with different morphological characteristics under low potassium conditions, providing information for improving the method of low-potassium lettuce culture. Lettuce was hydroponically grown in half-strength Enshi formula nutrient solution containing 4, 2, or 1 me·L In green leaf lettuce, reductions in both the net assimilate rate (NAR) and leaf area ratio (LAR) led to a decline in RGR. In Boston lettuce and romaine lettuce, the reduction of RGR was mainly due to a reduction in LAR, and to a lesser extent caused by NAR. Reduced potassium in the nutrient solution had a greater effect on mature leaves than on newly expanded leaves for all three lettuce types. In green leaf lettuce and Boston lettuce, photosynthetic rates of mature leaves significantly decreased under reduced potassium treatments, with a steady or gradually increased intercellular CO 2 concentration; this indicated that non-stomatal factors suppressed photosynthesis. In romaine lettuce, the photosynthetic rate was less influenced by reduced potassium levels in the nutrient solution, and the significant increase observed in leaf mass per area might contribute to maintaining photosynthesis in the leaf. The decrease in photosynthesis in mature leaves exhibited a similar trend to the decreased potassium content in the leaves within the three lettuce types, but the factor related to the reduction of photosynthesis was different.

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“…Table 1 presents cropping schedules from the control site and site 6, which are representative of the study sites. Generally, growers followed the management practices described in UC ANR Publications 7211 and 7216 (LeStrange et al 2011;Smith et al 2011), with three or four early-season sprinkler irrigations to establish the crops, followed by drip, furrow or additional sprinkler irrigations necessary to bring the crops to harvest.…”

Section: Soil Water Balance Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall leaching is critical for long-term use of recycled water in the Salinas Valley

Platts¹,

Grismer²

2014

Cal Ag

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In 1998, Monterey County Water Recycling Projects began delivering water to 12,000 acres in the northern Salinas Valley. Two years later, an ongoing study began assessing the effects of the recycled water on soil salinity. Eight sites are receiving recycled water and a control site is receiving only well water. In data collected from 2000 to 2012, soil salinity of the 36-inch-deep profile was on average approximately double that of the applied water, suggesting significant leaching from applied water (irrigation) or rainfall. In this study, we investigated some of the soil water hydrology factors possibly controlling the soil salinity results. Using soil water balance modeling, we found that rainfall had more effect on soil salinity than did leaching from irrigation. Increasing applied water usually only correlated significantly with soil salinity parameters in the shallow soil profile (1 to 12 inches depth) and at 24 to 36 inches at sites receiving fairly undiluted recycled water. Winter rains, though, had a critical effect. Increasing rainfall depths were significantly correlated with decreasing soil salinity of the shallow soil at all test sites, though this effect also diminished with increased soil depth. When applied water had high salinity levels, winter rainfall in this area was inadequate to prevent soil salinity from increasing. U sing recycled wastewater for agriculture and landscaping has environmental benefits because it limits the wastewater discharge into natural waterways while helping to preserve the supply of potable water for human consumption. Recycled water (tertiary-treated wastewater) has been used by a majority of growers in the Monterey County Water Recycling Projects (MCWRP) Salinas Valley area since 1998. An ongoing study, initiated in 2000, is comparing the changes in soil salinity between a field that has received only well water and eight field sites in the MCWRP area that have received recycled water since 1998. Each test site uses a specific blend of recycled water (the fraction ranges from 40% to 90%) and well water for irrigation, allowing assessment of the relative impacts of the water quality on soil salinity parameters.Recently, a feasibility study of the use of recycled water for vineyard irrigation in the Carneros and MillikenSarco-Tulocay (MST) regions near Napa indicated that leaching by winter rains averaging more than 20 inches a year was sufficient to maintain soil salinity, sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) levels within acceptable ranges for grape production (Weber et al. 2014; page 59, this issue). Winter rainfall is about 13 inches a year in the MCWRP area, and our goal in this study was to ascertain the effectiveness of irrigation leaching compared with rainfall leaching.Overall, the average soil salinity parameters -electrical conductivity (EC e ), Na, Cl and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) -at the test sites were highly correlated with the average recycled water quality values, as we describe in our other article on this study (Platts and Grismer 2014; page 68, this i...

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Leaf Lettuce Production in California

Abstract: The major production areas for leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in California are the Central Coast (Monterey,

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Yield of Leafy Greens in High Tunnel Winter Production in the Northwest United States

Yield of Leafy Greens in High Tunnel Winter Production in the Northwest United States

Plant Growth and Photosynthesis Response to Low Potassium Conditions in Three Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) Types

Rainfall leaching is critical for long-term use of recycled water in the Salinas Valley

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