Leaf Isozymes as Genetic Markers in Date Palms

Torres, Andrew M.; Tisserat, Brent

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1980.tb07637.x

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Subsequently, an extraction buffer (Torres and Tisserat, 1980) Electrophoresis was conducted in 12% starch gels in different electrode/gel buffer systems. For ADH, G6PDH, IDH, MDH, ME, SDH and 6PGDH, we used Morpholine-Citrate 6.1/Morpholine-Citrate 6.1 (Clayton and Tretiak, 1972).…”

Section: Electrophoretic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allozyme variation and structure of the Canarian endemic palm tree Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae): implications for conservation

2004

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Electrophoretic analysis of 18 allozyme loci was used to estimate the levels and structuring of genetic variation within and among natural populations of the protected endemic palm species from the Canary Islands (Phoenix canariensis) to evaluate its genetic relationship with the widespread congener P. dactylifera, and to assess comparatively the genetic variation in the populations where the two species coexist with morphologically intermediate plants (mixed populations). Our survey revealed that the within-population component explains roughly 75% of the genetic variation levels detected in P. canariensis (A ¼ 1.59; P ¼ 41.8; He ¼ 0.158), which rank higher than those reported for other species of the Arecaceae. A Principal Component analysis (PCA) based on allele frequencies consistently separates populations of P. canariensis and P. dactylifera, and reveals a close genetic relationship between P. canariensis and the mixed populations. Reduced levels of genetic variation in P. canariensis with respect to P. dactylifera, the fact that the genetic makeup of the Canarian endemic (with no unique alleles) is a subset of that found in P. dactylifera, and the high genetic identity between both species strongly suggest that P. canariensis is recently derived from a common ancestor closely related to P. dactylifera.

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Section: Electrophoretic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For ADH, G6PDH, IDH, MDH, ME, SDH and 6PGDH, we used Morpholine-Citrate 6.1/Morpholine-Citrate 6.1 (Clayton and Tretiak, 1972). Systems ACO and PGI were resolved on Boric acid pH 8.7/Tris Citrate pH 7.9 (Torres and Tisserat, 1980). Finally, PGM was resolved on Tris-Citrate pH 7/Histidine-Citrate 5.7 (Stuber et al, 1977).…”

Section: Electrophoretic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allozyme variation and structure of the Canarian endemic palm tree Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae): implications for conservation

2004

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“…The presence ofenzyme polymorphism was observed in date palm cultivars in an earlier study (27). The results of the enzymic analysis of leaf enzymes reported here are tabulated according to isozyme migration rates (Rp values) for each of several date palm cultivars (Table II) Figure 1) indicate that within the Medjool cultivar no enzyme differences were expressed among the leaflets of plantlets from untreated, PGDtreated, and frozen cultures.…”

Section: Effects Of Cryogenic Treatments On Callusmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The general procedures used for starch gel electrophoresis and gel staining have been described previously (26,27 mM sodium borate (pH 9.0). Electrophoresis was conducted at 5°C in a refrigerator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of a genetic quality control test to aid in the selection of clones produced through tissue culture would be welcomed, particularly by fruit tree researchers. Several recent reports dealing with fruit trees have utilized biochemical markers, such as isozymes, to verify and predict progeny hybridization and determine taxonomic relationships (26,27). These studies indicate the possibility of developing a suitable biochemical test to verify the clonal nature of trees and other plants when still in the young plantlet stage.…”

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Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on Plantlet Production from Frozen and Unfrozen Date Palm Callus

Ulrich¹,

Finkle²,

Tisserat³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Embryogenic date pahl (Phoeix dctylfera L. var Freezing and thawing oftissues may also have an adverse effect. Bacteria undergo mutation when freeze-dried. In this case, however, the mutative effect has been attributed to the drying step and not to the freezing, which appears to be benign (2). With frozen plant material, using tissue squashes and other tests, no chromosomal breaks have been identified, implying genetic stability through the freezing process (15). Other indices are needed, however, by which to determine the clonal stability of plant cells taken through a freezing step. Development of a genetic quality control test to aid in the selection of clones produced through tissue culture would be welcomed, particularly by fruit tree researchers. Several recent reports dealing with fruit trees have utilized biochemical markers, such as isozymes, to verify and predict progeny hybridization and determine taxonomic relationships (26,27). These studies indicate the possibility of developing a suitable biochemical test to verify the clonal nature of trees and other plants when still in the young plantlet stage.The importance of freezing temperatures (18), cooling and rewarming rates (20), and the use of an appropriate mixture of cryoprotectants (5, 29, 31) on plant cells subjected to a freezing process is well documented. Callus cultures of date palm, sugarcane, alfalfa, rice, soybean, and other species frozen in a mixture of cryoprotectants (see below) have survived deep freezing in our laboratories; the first three examples have developed into entire plants (25;29; and J. M. Ulrich, B. J. Finkle, D. W. Rains, and S. Stavarek, unpublished observations, respectively). The detailed effects of cryogenic freezing on growth and, particularly, on genetic stability are, however, not well established. These aspects of growth will need to be extensively examined when evaluating the degree of success to be expected from cryogenic germplasm repositories.We report here that date palm callus was frozen to -196°C, thawed, and then examined in terms of subsequent growth and plantlet generation. Isozyme analysis of leaves from regenerated plantlets was performed to detect possible genetic alterations caused by the cryogenic treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODSTissue Culture Procedure. Embryogenic callus cultures of Phoenix dactylifera L. var. Medjool were initiated as previously described (24), on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (14) containing 100 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.3% activated-neutralized charcoal, and 1% agar. Callus was derived from lateral buds dissected from 5-year-old offshoots. Transferring callus to nutrient medium devoid of 2,4-D allowed plantlets to develop with distinct root and shoot apices after a few weeks in culture.Cryogenic Treatments. Embryogenic date palm callus (0.4-0.5 ml each, settled volume, placed in heavy-walled glass centrifuge 624 www.plantphysiol.org on April 7, 2019 -Published by Downloaded from

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