Leaf galls on<i>Dicroidium hughesii</i>(Feistmantel) Lele from the Triassic of India—a new record

Ghosh, Amit K.; Kar, Ratan; Chatterjee, Reshmi

doi:10.1080/03115518.2015.958285

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Galling represents the most biologically complex of all major interactions, and represents arthropod-induced abnormal cell proliferation that can occur on all major plant organs (e.g., Kustatscher et al, 2014 ; Scott, Anderson & Anderson, 2004 ); examples are widely known (e.g., Stone & Schönrogge, 2003 ). Oviposition, though not a feeding interaction, comprised 5.2% of all DT occurrences; examples are common ( Ghosh, Kar & Chatterjee, 2015 ; McLoughlin, 2011 ) ( Figs. 3E – 3F and 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant–insect interactions from Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) of Monte Agnello (Dolomites, N-Italy)—initial pattern and response to abiotic environmental perturbations

Wappler

Kustatscher

Dellantonio³

2015

PeerJ

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The Paleozoic–Mesozoic transition is characterized by the most massive extinction of the Phanerozoic. Nevertheless, an impressive adaptive radiation of herbivorous insects occurred on gymnosperm-dominated floras not earlier than during the Middle to Late Triassic, penecontemporaneous with similar events worldwide, all which exhibit parallel expansions of generalized and mostly specialized insect herbivory on plants, expressed as insect damage on a various plant organs and tissues. The flora from Monte Agnello is distinctive, due to its preservation in subaerially deposited pyroclastic layers with exceptionally preserved details. Thus, the para-autochthonous assemblage provides insights into environmental disturbances, caused by volcanic activity, and how they profoundly affected the structure and composition of herbivory patterns. These diverse Middle Triassic biota supply extensive evidence for insect herbivore colonization, resulting in specific and complex herbivory patterns involving the frequency and diversity of 20 distinctive damage types (DTs). These DT patterns show that external foliage feeders, piercer-and-suckers, leaf miners, gallers, and oviposition culprits were intricately using almost all tissue types from the dominant host plants of voltzialean conifers (e.g., Voltzia), horsetails, ferns (e.g., Neuropteridium, Phlebopteris, Cladophlebis and Thaumatopteris), seed ferns (e.g., Scytophyllum), and cycadophytes (e.g., Bjuvia and Nilssonia).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant–insect interactions from Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) of Monte Agnello (Dolomites, N-Italy)—initial pattern and response to abiotic environmental perturbations

Wappler

Kustatscher

Dellantonio³

2015

PeerJ

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“…For Western Europe, a broad range of interactions have been determined for Anisian to early Carnian floras from Germany, France, Austria and Russia [14,45,57–59,173–176]. The Chinle Formation of the southwestern United States, of Norian age [172,177], has been a second source of Euramerican interaction data that is especially rich in wood borings [60–65,172,178–181]. Several clusters of Gondwanan localities, primarily the Burgersdorp and Molteno formations from South Africa [9,69,155], but also a variety of local basins from South America [67,68], India [181] and Australia [71,182–184], have recorded an array of plant–insect interactions on the dominant hosts of Heidiphyllum , Lepidopteris , Dicroidium , Sphenobaiera and Taeniopteris .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

2016

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To discern the effect of the end-Permian (P-Tr) ecological crisis on land, interactions between plants and their insect herbivores were examined for four time intervals containing ten major floras from the Dolomites of northeastern Italy during a Permian–Triassic interval. These floras are: (i) the Kungurian Tregiovo Flora; (ii) the Wuchiapingian Bletterbach Flora; (iii) three Anisian floras; and (iv) five Ladinian floras. Derived plant–insect interactional data is based on 4242 plant specimens (1995 Permian, 2247 Triassic) allocated to 86 fossil taxa (32 Permian, 56 Triassic), representing lycophytes, sphenophytes, pteridophytes, pteridosperms, ginkgophytes, cycadophytes and coniferophytes from 37 million-year interval (23 m.yr. Permian, 14 m.yr. Triassic). Major Kungurian herbivorized plants were unaffiliated taxa and pteridosperms; later during the Wuchiapingian cycadophytes were predominantly consumed. For the Anisian, pteridosperms and cycadophytes were preferentially consumed, and subordinately pteridophytes, lycophytes and conifers. Ladinian herbivores overwhelming targeted pteridosperms and subordinately cycadophytes and conifers. Throughout the interval the percentage of insect-damaged leaves in bulk floras, as a proportion of total leaves examined, varied from 3.6% for the Kungurian (N = 464 leaves), 1.95% for the Wuchiapingian (N = 1531), 11.65% for the pooled Anisian (N = 1324), to 10.72% for the pooled Ladinian (N = 923), documenting an overall herbivory rise. The percentage of generalized consumption, equivalent to external foliage feeding, consistently exceeded the level of specialized consumption from internal feeding. Generalized damage ranged from 73.6% (Kungurian) of all feeding damage, to 79% (Wuchiapingian), 65.5% (pooled Anisian) and 73.2% (pooled Ladinian). Generalized-to-specialized ratios show minimal change through the interval, although herbivore component community structure (herbivore species feeding on a single plant-host species) increasingly was partitioned from Wuchiapingian to Ladinian. The Paleozoic plant with the richest herbivore component community, the coniferophyte Pseudovoltzia liebeana, harbored four damage types (DTs), whereas its Triassic parallel, the pteridosperm Scytophyllum bergeri housed 11 DTs, almost four times that of P. liebeana. Although generalized DTs of P. liebeana were similar to S. bergeri, there was expansion of Triassic specialized feeding types, including leaf mining. Permian–Triassic generalized herbivory remained relatively constant, but specialized herbivores more finely partitioned plant-host tissues via new feeding modes, especially in the Anisian. Insect-damaged leaf percentages for Dolomites Kungurian and Wuchiapingian floras were similar to those of lower Permian, north-central Texas, but only one-third that of southeastern Brazil. Global herbivore patterns for Early Triassic plant–insect interactions remain unknown.

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“…These organisms interact in a complex network of relationships that has experienced massive expansion since the initial steps in colonization of the land. However, the fossil record of these interrelationships remains sparsely documented and much of our knowledge of interactions in terrestrial communities derives from a small number of isolated fossils or exceptional Lagerstätten (Ash 1996(Ash , 2000Scott et al 2004;McLoughlin 2011;Moisan et al 2012;Strullu-Derrien et al 2012;Labandeira 2013;Ghosh et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biota and palaeoenvironment of a high middle-latitude Late Triassic peat-forming ecosystem from Hopen, Svalbard archipelago

McLoughlin

Strullu‐Derrien

2015

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A siliceous permineralized peat block recovered from Hopen in the Svalbard archipelago hosts a low-diversity Late Triassic flora dominated by autochthonous roots and stems of bennettitaleans and lycophytes, and parautochthonous leaves, sporangia, spores and pollen from a small range of pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Some parenchymatous bennettitalean root cells show interactions with chytrid fungi and bacteria; the remains of other fungi and fungi-like organisms are dispersed within the peat's detrital matrix. Cavities excavated through some roots and compacted detritus contain abundant coprolites probably derived from sapro-xylophagous oribatid mites, although no body fossils have yet been identified. Sparse larger coprolites containing leaf fragments attest to the presence of invertebrate folivores in the ancient ecosystem. The lowdiversity flora, relatively few trophic levels and simple nutritional web, together with sedimentological aspects of the host formation and the peat structure, collectively favour accumulation of the organic mass as a fibric (root-dominated) peat within a temperate (high middle-latitude), wellaerated mire.

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Leaf galls onDicroidium hughesii(Feistmantel) Lele from the Triassic of India—a new record

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Plant–insect interactions from Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) of Monte Agnello (Dolomites, N-Italy)—initial pattern and response to abiotic environmental perturbations

Plant–insect interactions from Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) of Monte Agnello (Dolomites, N-Italy)—initial pattern and response to abiotic environmental perturbations

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

Biota and palaeoenvironment of a high middle-latitude Late Triassic peat-forming ecosystem from Hopen, Svalbard archipelago

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