Leaf-fracture properties correlated with nutritional traits in nine Australian seagrass species: implications for susceptibility to herbivory

Abstract

Seagrasses are exposed to the constant risk of structural damage due to abiotic factors, such as waves and currents, and biotic factors, e.g. herbivory. Leaf mechanical resistance is therefore essential in protecting plants from structural failure and may also have ecological consequences. For example, mechanical traits of seagrass leaves may play an important role in plant− herbivore interactions and food-preferences of herbivores in these ecosystems, as widely reported for terrestrial plants. However, little is known about leaf mechanical resistance against structural damage in seagrasses and how it varies with other traits such as their nutritional value. We analysed the correlation between fracture properties relevant to herbivory and the nutritional value of seagrass leaves, testing the general assumption that species that invest heavily in mechanical resistance (toughening of the leaves) will present low nitrogen and high carbon and fibre contents. Direct measurements of leaf traits were conducted on 9 seagrass species from south-western Australia: (1) leaf-fracture properties from shearing and tearing tests, (2) nutritional values (carbon to nitrogen ratio and fibre content) and (3) morphological and structural traits (specific leaf area and leaf thickness). Results showed that leaf-fracture properties in seagrasses were tightly correlated to their C:N ratio, which reflects their nutritional value, thus supporting the general assumption that C investment is inversely correlated to N content. This close correlation suggested that patterns of seagrass consumption may be influenced not only by the C:N ratio but also by the leaf-fracture properties. Among co-existing seagrasses, we found a continuous spectrum of mechanical and nutritional traits across species, which provides fundamental information about species assembly, herbivore behaviour and ecosystem functions.

The combined effects of water level reduction and an increase in ammonia concentration on organic matter processing by key freshwater shredders in alluvial wetlands

“…The C : N ratio and the proportion of phosphorus increased from submerged to emerged leaves. These increases suggested an increased proportion of structural, fibre‐enriched elements (De los Santos et al ., ), enabling the plants to develop a self‐supporting growth form, i.e. supporting gravitational forces (Golibert, ).…”

Future warmer seas: increased stress and susceptibility to grazing in seedlings of a marine habitat‐forming species

“…Sucrose of leaves and carbohydrate reserves (sucrose and starch) in rhizomes, seeds, and roots were measured using methodology described by Invers, Kraemer, Pérez, and Romero (). Neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) was measured in 25–30 mg of sample (see de los Santos et al., ; modification from Van Soest, Robertson, & Lewis, ). The amount of fiber in each sample was obtained from the difference in mass and expressed as fiber percentage in dry biomass.…”

Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) seedlings in a high-CO2 world: from physiology to herbivory

“…Soluble sugars and starch contents of extracts were determined by spectrophotometry using an anthrone assay with sucrose as standard. Neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) was measured in 25–30 mg of leaf sample (see de los Santos et al 103,. modification from Van Soest et al 104…”