Leaf Fluctuating Asymmetry Increases with Hybridization and Introgression betweenQuercus magnoliifoliaandQuercus resinosa(Fagaceae) through an Altitudinal Gradient in Mexico

Albarrán-Lara, Ana L.; Mendoza‐Cuenca, Luis; Valencia-Ávalos, Susana; González‐Rodríguez, Antonio; Oyama, Ken

doi:10.1086/650317

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Following this, asymmetry can be quantified as the difference between the original and reflected outline or surface. This method has been used with semilandmarks for 2D outlines [148,294,295] and with 3D surfaces [204,296]. A similar idea was the basis for an ad-hoc method to determine the asymmetry in a single outline contour using image analysis [297].…”

Section: Outline Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some reports of directional asymmetry of leaf shape [147], but there are also examples where no directional asymmetry was found [148]. Also, directional asymmetry has been found in flower shape [27,149].…”

Section: Directional Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To separate the two effects, it is possible to subtract the mean asymmetry to remove the effect of directional asymmetry before computing the Procrustes distance between the left and right shapes, so that the resulting distance indicates exclusively the magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry [11,41,239]. This measure of asymmetry, again, is available for both matching symmetry, where it is obtained from differences between the left and right sides [40,61,250,251], and for object symmetry, where it quantifies differences between original and reflected and relabeled configurations [86,94,102,105,134,148,252].…”

Section: Individual Measures Of Fluctuating Asymmetry Of Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have used the shapes of mouse skulls and mandibles from hybrid zones, with rather variable results, including reduced fluctuating asymmetry in hybrids [42], no difference [60] or asymmetric patterns including a gradient [70]. Relations between fluctuating asymmetry of shape and hybridization have also been observed in other systems, including oak leaves [148], Drosophila wings [120,122], but not in some others such as Triatoma bugs [76].…”

Section: Developmental Instability Of Shape In Relation To Stress Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

2015

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Approximately two decades after the first pioneering analyses, the study of shape asymmetry with the methods of geometric morphometrics has matured and is a burgeoning field. New technology for data collection and new methods and software for analysis are widely available and have led to numerous applications in plants and animals, including humans. This review summarizes the concepts and morphometric methods for studying asymmetry of shape and size. After a summary of mathematical and biological concepts of symmetry and asymmetry, a section follows that explains the methods of geometric morphometrics and how they can be used to analyze asymmetry of biological structures. Geometric morphometric analyses not only tell how much asymmetry there is, but also provide information about the patterns of covariation in the structure under study. Such patterns of covariation in fluctuating asymmetry can provide valuable insight about the developmental basis of morphological integration, and have become important tools for evolutionary developmental biology. The genetic basis of fluctuating asymmetry has been studied from empirical and theoretical viewpoints, but serious challenges remain in this area. There are many promising areas for further research that are only little explored at present.

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Section: Outline Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Directional Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Measures Of Fluctuating Asymmetry Of Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developmental Instability Of Shape In Relation To Stress Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

2015

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“…In the case of Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa, recent studies showed that these oak species form hybrids in regions where their geographic distributions overlap (Albarrán- Lara et al 2010), generating new adaptive zones for the formation of new species of gall insects (Pérez-López et al 2016). These zones are also suggested by the Q. crassifolia × Q. crassipes complex (TovarSánchez & Oyama 2004) in which three gall morphotypes were exclusively associated with the hybrid individuals found there (Tovar-Sánchez & Oyama 2006).…”

Section: Gall Diversity On Mexican Oaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of galls induced by wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) associated with oaks (Fagaceae: Quercus) in Mexico

Pascual-Alvarado¹,

Nieves‐Aldrey²,

Castillejos-Lemus³

et al. 2017

Bot. Sci.

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Background: Gall-inducing insects make up a guild of highly specialized endophagous herbivores. The cynipids (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) are highly diversified gall-inducing wasps that are largely associated with oaks (Fagaceae: Quercus). Mexico is one of the centers of diversification for the Quercus genus with 161 described species, of which 109 are endemic. Questions / hypothesis: The present study aims to identify the gall richness, gall morphological variation and degree of specificity to oaks in Mexico. Methods: An intensive collection was conducted from March to September each year from 2008 to 2012 for a total of 80 oak species in 120 localities in Mexico. Results: A total of 224 morphologically distinct galls associated with 73 of the 80 oak species were found. The largest number of morphotypes was found in leaves (125), followed by branches (37), buds (31), petioles (20), catkins (5), acorns (3) and roots (3). The degree of specificity between the gall-inducing wasps and their hosts was highly variable; between one to 20 distinct gall morphotypes were found in each species. Only 23 oak species had a single gall morphotype associated. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the important interaction between oaks and gall-inducing wasps, which is a very complex co-evolutionary process. It also shows the relevance of basic taxonomic studies of little-known groups such as gall-inducing wasps, especially in a highly biodiverse country such as Mexico.

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Variations in morphological and epidermal features of shade and sun leaves of two species: Quercus bambusifolia and Q. myrsinifolia

Маслова

Karasev

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise: Microclimatic differences between the periphery and the interior of tree crowns result in a variety of adaptive leaf macromorphological and anatomical features. Our research was designed to reveal criteria for sun/shade leaf identification in two species of evergreen oaks, applicable to both modern and fossil leaves. We compared our results with those in other species similarly studied. Methods: For both Quercus bambusifolia and Q. myrsinifolia (section Cyclobalanopsis), leaves from single mature trees with well-developed crowns were collected in the South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China. We focus on leaf characters often preserved in fossil material. SVGm software was used for macromorphological measurement. Quantitative analyses were performed and box plots generated using R software with IDE Rstudio. Leaf cuticles were prepared using traditional botanical techniques. Results: Principal characters for distinguishing shade and sun leaves in the studied oaks were identified as leaf lamina length to width ratio (L/W), and the degree of development of venation networks. For Q. myrsinifolia, shade and sun leaves differ in tooth morphology and the ratio of toothed lamina length to overall lamina length. The main epidermal characters are ordinary cell size and anticlinal wall outlines. For both species, plasticity within shade leaves exceeds that of sun leaves. Conclusions: Morphological responses to sun and shade in the examined oaks are similar to those in other plant genera, pointing to useful generalizations for recognizing common foliar polymorphisms that must be taken into account when determining the taxonomic position of both modern and fossil plants.

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Leaf Fluctuating Asymmetry Increases with Hybridization and Introgression betweenQuercus magnoliifoliaandQuercus resinosa(Fagaceae) through an Altitudinal Gradient in Mexico

Cited by 57 publications

References 49 publications

Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

Diversity of galls induced by wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) associated with oaks (Fagaceae: <em>Quercus</em>) in Mexico

Variations in morphological and epidermal features of shade and sun leaves of two species: Quercus bambusifolia and Q. myrsinifolia

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