Leaf endophytes affect mycorrhizal status and growth of co‐infected and neighbouring plants

Omacini, Marina; Eggers, Till; Bonkowski, Michael; Gange, Alan C.; Jones, T. Hefin

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01099.x

Cited by 134 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…For instance, a more complete occupation of aboveground resource space by vegetative tillers may enhance the competitive ability of endophyte-infected plants (Clay and Schardl 2002;Omacini et al 2006; but see Faeth et al 2004). Nevertheless, we found that endophyte infection led to higher biomass accrual of L. multiXorum populations in a low recruitment year (2003), but not in a high recruitment year (2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Endophyte incidence in Italian ryegrass populations has been reported to rise from 30% in recently abandoned Welds to nearly 90% after several years of succession (VilaAiub et al 2005). When grown in pots, infected plants sometimes perform better than endophyte-free conspeciWcs (Vila-Aiub et al 2005;Omacini et al 2006), but no comparable data exist for Weld populations.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Inherited fungal symbionts enhance establishment of an invasive annual grass across successional habitats

2010

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Plants infected with vertically transmitted fungal endophytes carry their microbial symbionts with them during dispersal into new areas. Yet, whether seed-borne endophytes enhance the host plant's ability to overcome colonisation barriers and to regenerate within invaded sites remains poorly understood. We examined how symbiosis with asexual endophytic fungi (Neotyphodium) affected establishment and seed loss to predators in the invasive annual grass Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) across contrasting successional plots. Italian ryegrass seeds with high and low endophyte incidence were sown into three communities: a 1-year-old fallow field, a 15-year-old grassland, and a 24-year-old forest, which conformed to an old-field chronosequence in the eastern Inland Pampa, Argentina. We found that endophyte infection consistently increased host population recruitment and reproductive output. Endophyte presence also enhanced aerial biomass production of ryegrass in a low recruitment year but not in a high recruitment year, suggesting that symbiotic effects on growth performance are density dependent. Endophyte presence reduced seed removal by rodents, although differential predation may not account for the increased success of infected grass populations. Overall, there was no statistical evidence for an endophyte-by-site interaction, indicating that the fungal endosymbiont benefitted host establishment regardless of large differences in biotic and abiotic environment among communities. Our results imply that hereditary endophytes may increase the chances for host grass species to pass various ecological filters associated with invasion resistance across a broad range of successional habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Inherited fungal symbionts enhance establishment of an invasive annual grass across successional habitats

2010

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“…Our use of semi-selective medium may also have allowed us to recover B. cinerea in the presence of more competitive fungi. Some fungal endophytes are known to produce secondary metabolites that are beneficial to the host in that they protect the plant against root-invading nematodes (Hallmann and Sikora, 1996); others benefit plant growth or alter nutrient cycling (Lemons et al, 2005;Omacini et al, 2006), and there are widespread reports of endophytes altering insect-plant interactions (Jallow et al, 2008). Although D'Amico et al (2008) showed that cultures of most of the fungi they recovered were pathogenic when inoculated to axenicallygrown plants in tissue culture jars, this is not very informative about the ecological function of the fungi in nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many fungi are involved, which may exist as saprotrophs (eg Acremonium strictum (Jallow et al 2008)), be vertically transmitted via seed (eg the Neotyphodium endophytes of grasses (Lemons et al 2005)), or reproduce via production of propagules at distinct phases of the host life-cycle (eg choke disease, (Tintjer et al, 2008)). Endophytes have been shown to affect insect damage both directly and indirectly (Hartley and Gange, 2009), to alter suscep-and viruses, and to alter mycorrhizal status (Omacini et al, 2006). By contrast, Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph Botryotinia fuckeliana) is regarded as a model necrotrophic organism (Williamson et al, 2007), and causes considerable problems in many sectors of temperate horticulture (Elad et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Persistent, symptomless, systemic, and seed-borne infection of lettuce by Botrytis cinerea

2009

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Experiments are presented which show that Botrytis cinerea, the cause of grey mould disease, is often present in symptomless lettuce plants as a systemic, endophytic, infection which may arise from seed. The fungus was isolated on selective media from surface-sterilised sections of roots, stem pieces and leaf discs from symptomless plants grown in a conventional glasshouse and in a spore-free air-flow provided by an isolation propagator. The presence of B. cinerea was confirmed by immuno-labelling the tissues with the Botrytis-specific monoclonal antibody BC-12.CA4. As plants grew, infection spread from the roots to stems and leaves. Surface-sterilisation of seeds reduced the number of infected symptomless plants. Artificial infection of seedlings with dry conidia increased the rate of infection in some experiments. Selected isolates were genetically finger-printed using microsatellite loci. This confirmed systemic spread of the inoculating isolates but showed that other isolates were also present and that single plants hosted multiple isolates. This shows that B. cinerea commonly grows in lettuce plants as an endophyte, as has already been shown for Primula. If true for other hosts, the endophytic phase may be as important a component of the species population as the aggressive necrotrophic phase.

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“…Soil samples were used in a control experiment for seedling emergence. Before the experiment, soil was sterilized in an oven for 72 h at 80°C to kill any plant seeds [40].…”

Section: Factors Measurement Of Dacrydium Pierreimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental variables on seedling distribution of rare and endangered Dacrydium pierrei

Chen

Qiao

et al. 2017

Open Life Sciences

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on the seedling-sapling distribution of Dacrydium pierrei to get reference for its adaptive management with the intense extreme climate change.Keywords: Environment; seedling-sapling; soil moisture; PCA; GMM; Dacrydium pierrei IntroductionClimate changes in China are basically consistent with global warming, the spatial distribution and temporal variation of precipitation variability are large [1], the relative humidity of the ground has decreased in most parts of China [2]. Fog and haze weather, acid rain phenomenon, the shortage of water resources, land desertification and the reduction of forest biodiversity being caused by climate change have become an important topic in the world. The impact of rising temperatures on the environment and ecology is profound [3]. Climate change has a significant impact on the distribution of Chinese plants [4]. Vegetation distribution is determined by their parents distribution as well as by complex environmental factors [5][6]. Seedling-sapling may be the most important stage in the whole life history of plants [7]. Compared with the adult trees, seedlings have stronger sensitivity to the environment [8] Abstract: Because growth environment is affected by climate change, Dacrydium pierrei resources are becoming less and less. Therefore, understanding the effects of environmental variables on seedling-sapling distributions can help gain insight into changes in population recruitment in the context of climate change. The seedlingsaplings distribution and variability of Dacrydium pierrei in environmental variables at Bawangling, Hainan, China, was surveyed over a 3-year period. In addition, laboratory experiments measuring the effects of soil moisture on seedling emergence were conducted to identify seedling development characteristics; principal component analysis (PCA) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) were used to assess how different factors influenced Dacrydium pierrei seedlings-saplings distribution. The results demonstrated that the influence degree of seedling-sapling distribution is soil temperature>litter thickness>available phosphorus>canopy density> available potassium>nitrate nitrogen; a large number of seedling-saplings occurring at altitudes 1140-1300 m; a GMM trained with a C 2 -L 3 -H 4 -A 5 -I 6 combination yielded an accuracy of 72.23% in simulating seedling-saplings distribution; temperature and precipitation have strong impact on seedling-sapling distribution, with increasing soil moisture, seedling emergence shows a positive relationship. This study focuses more on developing a new method for research

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Leaf endophytes affect mycorrhizal status and growth of co‐infected and neighbouring plants

Cited by 134 publications

References 52 publications

Inherited fungal symbionts enhance establishment of an invasive annual grass across successional habitats

Inherited fungal symbionts enhance establishment of an invasive annual grass across successional habitats

Persistent, symptomless, systemic, and seed-borne infection of lettuce by Botrytis cinerea

Effects of environmental variables on seedling distribution of rare and endangered Dacrydium pierrei

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