Leaf differentiation in angiosperms

Foster, Adriance S.

doi:10.1007/bf02870152

Cited by 158 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The leaf development of S. polygamus follows the pattern described by Foster (1936) for Pelargonium zonale (Geraniaceae), and of some other simple leaves (Fahn 1990). The adaxial meristem initiates the palisade parenchyma, and the middle meristem originates the procambial cells and half of the spongy parenchyma.…”

Section: Leaf Developmentmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Developmental pathway from leaves to galls induced by a sap-feeding insect on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae)

Dias

Ferreira

Moreira

et al. 2013

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Galling sap-feeding insects are presumed to cause only minor changes in host plant tissues, because they usually do not require development of nutritive tissues for their own use. This premise was examined through comparison of the histometry, cytometry and anatomical development of non-galled leaves and galls of Calophya duvauae (Scott) (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae). Cell fates changed from non-galled leaves to galls during the course of tissue differentiation. C. duvauae caused changes in dermal, ground, and vascular systems of the leaves of S. polygamus. Its feeding activity induced the homogenization of the parenchyma, and the neoformation of vascular bundles and trichomes. The histometric and cytometric data revealed compensatory effects of hyperplasia and cell hypertrophy in the epidermis, with hyperplasia predominating in the adaxial epidermis. There was a balance between these processes in the other tissues. Thus, we found major differences between the developmental pathways of non-galled leaves and galls. These changes were associated with phenotypic alterations related to shelter and appropriate microenvironmental conditions for the gall inducer. The nondifferentiation of a typical nutritive tissue in this case was compared to other non-phylogenetically related arthropod gall systems, and is suggested to result from convergence associated with the piercing feeding apparatus of the corresponding gall-inducer.

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Section: Leaf Developmentmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The procambium cells originate from the middle meristem layers, as observed for P. zonale, L. camara and C. langsdorffii (Foster 1936, Moura et al 2009, Oliveira and Isaias 2010. The midrib begins to differentiate at the second node, and the secondary veins at the fourth node.…”

Section: Leaf Developmentmentioning

confidence: 87%

Developmental pathway from leaves to galls induced by a sap-feeding insect on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae)

Dias

Ferreira

Moreira

et al. 2013

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…A histogênese da folha de L. camara segue o padrão descrito por Foster (1936) para Nicotiana tabacum L., onde a camada adaxial do meristema fundamental origina o parênquima paliçádico, as camadas medianas originam o procâmbio e o parênquima esponjoso mediano, e a camada abaxial origina o parênquima esponjoso abaxial. É importante ressaltar que no terceiro nó observa-se a diferenciação de idioblastos a partir do meristema fundamental, originando estruturas secretoras de terpenóides cuja origem ontogenética e possível relação com herbivoria foram descritas por Moura et al (2005).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Ontogênese da folha e das galhas induzidas por Aceria lantanae Cook (Acarina:Eriophyidae) em Lantanacamara L. (Verbenaceae)

2009

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-(Ontogenesis of the leaf and leaf galls induced by Aceria lantanae Cook (Acarina:Eriophyidae) in Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae)). Aceria lantanae is a phytophagous mite commonly observed inducing galls in Lantana camara leaves. The comparative study of histological and histometric characteristics, during the ontogenesis of leaves and galls, aims to determine which of the healthy tissues morphogenetic events are altered by the galling herbivore. Leaf ontogenetical events of L. camara followed the pattern described in literature. Gall induction causes hyperplasia of epidermis and ground system. At growth and development stage, leaf lamina invagination gives rise to the nymphal chamber, where eriophids reproduce. The cell layer limiting this chamber constitutes the nutritive tissue, where inducers feed, and stimulate cell divisions. At the maturation stage, gall increase in size is followed by an increase in the number of A. lantanae individuals. Gall external covering is characterized by a high density of non-glandular trichomes whose morphotype is particular to the galls. The differentiation of emergencies and neoformation of vascular bundles promotes an increase in the flux of food resources to the inducers. Cell divisions in diverse angles alter the laminar pattern of the leaf firstly related to photosynthesis, and result in verrucous galls which guarantee an adequate microenvironment and nutrition source to A. lantanae colony. At senescent stage, nutritive tissue suberization occurs, indicating the end of the inducers feeding activity. The suberization of nutritive tissue indicates the end of cell cycles, an event that may be related to the death of the deutogyne female, or to the limits imposed by the age of L. camara host leaf.Key words -Aceria, development, Lantana, leaf anatomy, plant gall RESUMO -(Ontogênese da folha e das galhas induzidas por Aceria lantanae Cook (Acarina:Eriophyidae) em Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae)). Aceria lantanae é um ácaro fitófago indutor de galhas em folhas de Lantana camara. O estudo comparativo de caracteres histológicos e histométricos durante a ontogênese foliar e das galhas visa determinar quais eventos da morfogênese dos tecidos sadios são alterados pelo galhador. A ontogênese foliar de L. camara segue os padrões descritos na literatura. A indução de galhas provoca hiperplasia da epiderme e do sistema fundamental. No estágio de crescimento e desenvolvimento, a invaginação da lâmina foliar origina a câmara ninfal, onde os eriofídeos se reproduzem. O revestimento interno dessa câmara constitui o tecido nutritivo, no qual os indutores se alimentam, estimulando as divisões celulares. No estágio de maturação, o aumento no tamanho da estrutura é acompanhado pelo aumento no número de indivíduos de A. lantanae. O revestimento externo da galha apresenta alta densidade de tricomas tectores, cujo morfotipo é particular às galhas. A diferenciação de emergências e a neoformação de feixes vasculares promove o aporte de nutrientes aos indutores. Divisões celulares em diversos...

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“…From a developmental standpoint, the process is particularly fascinating because it seems to be organized de novo in each leaf primordium. At early stages of leaf ontogeny, in fact, the cells located beneath the epidermis appear as a morphologically homogeneous population of tightly connected, polygonal, isodia-metric cells ('ground cells') (Smith, 1934;Foster, 1936Foster, , 1952; during leaf development, complementary, anatomically inconspicuous subsets of ground cells will differentiate to generate procambial strands and the photosynthetic tissue of the leaf, the mesophyll.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of DOF genes identifies early stages of vascular development in Arabidopsis leaves

Gardiner

Sherr²,

Scarpella

2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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The sequence of events underlying the formation of vascular networks in the leaf has long fascinated developmental biologists. In Arabidopsis leaves, vascular-precursor procambial cells derive from the elongation of morphologically inconspicuous ground cells that selectively activate expression of the HD-ZIP III gene ATHB8. Inception of ATHB8 expression operationally defines acquisition of a typically irreversible preprocambial cell state that preludes to vein formation. A view of the constellation of genes whose expression is activated at preprocambial stages would therefore be particularly desirable; however, very few preprocambial gene expression profiles have been identified. Here, we show that expression of three genes encoding members of the DOF family of plant-specific transcription factors is activated at stages overlapping onset of ATHB8 expression. Expression of DOF genes is initiated in wide domains that become confined to sites of vein development. Congruence between DOF expression fields and zones of vein formation persists upon experimental manipulation of leaf vascular patterning, suggesting that DOF expression identifies consistently recurring steps in vein ontogeny. Our results contribute to defining preprocambial cell identity at the molecular level.

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Leaf differentiation in angiosperms

Cited by 158 publications

References 27 publications

Developmental pathway from leaves to galls induced by a sap-feeding insect on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae)

Developmental pathway from leaves to galls induced by a sap-feeding insect on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae)

Ontogênese da folha e das galhas induzidas por Aceria lantanae Cook (Acarina:Eriophyidae) em Lantanacamara L. (Verbenaceae)

Expression of DOF genes identifies early stages of vascular development in Arabidopsis leaves

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