Leaf Determination in the Fern Osmunda cinnamomea—A Reinvestigation

Steeves, Taylor A.; Hicks, G. S.; Steeves, Margaret W.; Retallack, Beth

doi:10.1006/anbo.1993.1067

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Anatomical and experimental studies have demonstrated that fern leaf primordia have shoot-like characteristics, transitioning later to determinate fate when compared with angiosperms [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. The persistent Class I KNOX expression we found at the LAM (LAI and surrounding cells) of developing leaves in the three species of Elaphoglossum supports these anatomical and experimental studies and agrees with previous findings of other comparative genetic studies [ 9 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and Divided Leaves in Ferns: Exploring the Genetic Basis for Leaf Morphology Differences in the Genus Elaphoglossum (Dryopteridaceae)

Vasco

Ambrose

2020

IJMS

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Despite the implications leaves have for life, their origin and development remain debated. Analyses across ferns and seed plants are fundamental to address the conservation or independent origins of megaphyllous leaf developmental mechanisms. Class I KNOX expression studies have been used to understand leaf development and, in ferns, have only been conducted in species with divided leaves. We performed expression analyses of the Class I KNOX and Histone H4 genes throughout the development of leaf primordia in two simple-leaved and one divided-leaved fern taxa. We found Class I KNOX are expressed (1) throughout young and early developing leaves of simple and divided-leaved ferns, (2) later into leaf development of divided-leaved species compared to simple-leaved species, and (3) at the leaf primordium apex and margins. H4 expression is similar in young leaf primordia of simple and divided leaves. Persistent Class I KNOX expression at the margins of divided leaf primordia compared with simple leaf primordia indicates that temporal and spatial patterns of Class I KNOX expression correlate with different fern leaf morphologies. However, our results also indicate that Class I KNOX expression alone is not sufficient to promote divided leaf development in ferns. Class I KNOX patterns of expression in fern leaves support the conservation of an independently recruited developmental mechanism for leaf dissection in megaphylls, the shoot-like nature of fern leaves compared with seed plant leaves, and the critical role marginal meristems play in fern leaf development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and Divided Leaves in Ferns: Exploring the Genetic Basis for Leaf Morphology Differences in the Genus Elaphoglossum (Dryopteridaceae)

Vasco

Ambrose

2020

IJMS

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“…Unlike the vascular systems of ferns and seed plants, which develop in relation to megaphyllous leaf traces (Beck et al ., 1982 and references therein; Meicenheimer, 1986, 1987; Kwiatkowska, 1992, 1995; Ma & Steeves, 1992, 1994; Steeves et al ., 1993; Qiu et al ., 1995; White & Weidlich, 1995; Romanova et al ., 2005), lycopod vasculature appears to develop independently of microphyllous phyllotaxis. Although MTr were previously stated to be involved in formation of stelar protoxylem in Lycopodium s.l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular architecture in shoots of early divergent vascular plants, Lycopodium clavatum and Lycopodium annotinum

2007

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Summary• Lycopodium represents a phylogenetically distinct clade of basal vascular plants with anatomical characters that have no parallel in other lineages. Thus, knowledge of lycopod structure and development may reveal important information about the common ancestors of all vascular plants. Here we report the unique architecture of the conducting system in Lycopodium annotinum and Lycopodium clavatum .• Based on multiple series of anatomical sections, we reconstructed spatial relationships between microphylls and the stelar system.• Analysis revealed that protoxylem ribs (PXR) were vertical, regardless of type of phyllotaxis, and their numbers were variable. Microphyll traces (MTr) were randomly distributed between ribs, resulting in the absence of defined sympodia and varied lengths of MTr. Dichotomous branching contributed to additional features, for example occurrence of mesarch protoxylem, affecting stele structure and PXR numbers.• Our data showed limited interrelationships between lycopod vasculature and microphyll phyllotaxis. This may suggest that both systems developed independently, then evolved together to form the integrated supply system. Thus vasculature in extant lycophytes may be less functionally efficient than in seed plants, where consistent leaf-trace lengths guarantee predictable energy utilization during ontogeny. Differences may result from the phylogenetically different origin of microphylls, and the level of vascular complexity.

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“…1 and 5). In ferns, a leaf primordium is initiated as an axial structure that can be converted into a shoot under certain conditions (Steeves 1961, Steeves et al 1993. From an evolutionary perspective, a leaf can be interpreted as the result of metamorphosis of a branching system (Zimmermann 1953).…”

Section: The Longitudinal Polarity In Each Leaf Primordiummentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic evidence for polarities that regulate leaf morphogenesis

Tsukaya

1998

J. Plant Res.

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Leaf morphoganesis is a fundamental process of shoot mo~ since the leaf is the basic organ of the shoot. However, leaf mo~ is still poorly understood, in parlic.ular in dicotyledonous plants, because of the complex nature of the development of leave~ Thus, the mechanisms regulating each process of the morphogenesis, such as leaf determination, establishment of dorsoventrality, and polarity recognition, remain unknown. Developmental genetics seems to prove the most suitable approach to such processes and should allow us to dissect the relevant developmental pathways into genera.ally programmed, unit processes. The techniques of developmental genetics have been applied to studies of leaf morphogenesis of model plants, such as Arab/dops/s #~a//ana and AnbPrhkccn maJus, and have recently revealed several important steps in leaf mor~ The review will focus on genetic evidence for polarities that regulate leaf morphogenesir Hypothetical mechanisms for leaf morphogenes~ will be also discussed, based on the genetic data.

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Leaf Determination in the Fern Osmunda cinnamomea—A Reinvestigation

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Simple and Divided Leaves in Ferns: Exploring the Genetic Basis for Leaf Morphology Differences in the Genus Elaphoglossum (Dryopteridaceae)

Simple and Divided Leaves in Ferns: Exploring the Genetic Basis for Leaf Morphology Differences in the Genus Elaphoglossum (Dryopteridaceae)

Vascular architecture in shoots of early divergent vascular plants, Lycopodium clavatum and Lycopodium annotinum

Genetic evidence for polarities that regulate leaf morphogenesis

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