Leaf cuticular morphology of some angiosperm taxa from the Siwalik sediments (middle Miocene to lower Pleistocene) of Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: Systematic and palaeoclimatic implications

Khan, Mahasin Ali; Bera, Subir; Ghosh, Ruby; Spicer, Robert A.; Spicer, Teresa E.V.

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.10.008

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The dense distribution of trichomes/files can be compared with Macroneuropteris scheuchzeri . But for both species, and indeed for medullosaleans in general, the function(s) of these features are as yet concretely unknown, unless the analogy with angiosperms holds (Fahn 1979, Khan et al 2015.…”

Section: Autecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropteris ovata frond and its cyclopteroids: micromorphology-spectrochemistry-fractal taxonomy: Propositions for restructuring and taxonomy (Pennsylvanian, Canada)

Zodrow¹,

D’Angelo²,

Cleal³

2017

Bull. Geosci.

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The primary study material consists of the 65-cm frond Neuropteris ovata (Hoffmann) var. simonii, associate petiole with organically attached cyclopteroid leaflets and trunk. Ancillary N. ovata material is used, all from the Asturian-Cantabrian strata of the Sydney Coalfield, Canada. This material is appropriate for the objective of the study to present an ovata-frond Aufbau in terms of micromorphology coupled with chemistry using an holistic sampling design (co-ordinating epidermal microscopy with chemistry per sample location). Chemical analyses were obtained by the reliable FTIR technique (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and interpreted via chemometrics by methods of principal component analysis. Fractal geometry is introduced as a promising taxonomic parameter. The main conclusions include that the N. ovata plant can be characterized by three distinct epidermal structures: (1) rectangular elongate (trunk and petiole), (2) elongate (rachides of three orders), and (3) undulate (pinnule), which to a certain extent agrees with the chemistry of the frond Aufbau. The frond was also complex -architecturally, histologically, physiologically, chemically and autecologically. It was photosynthetic, had secretory organs (implying a characteristic plant aroma), supporting rodlets, divers epicuticular features, and a distinct chemical composition/structure. The frond was likely 4 m long with complex-pinnate cyclopteroid leaflets, fimbriate or entire-margined, below and above the main bifurcation, which begs the question of cyclopteroid definition and function. The overall results will be beneficial to taxonomy/systematics, and guide pteridospermous reconstruction into a new paradigm. •

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Section: Autecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropteris ovata frond and its cyclopteroids: micromorphology-spectrochemistry-fractal taxonomy: Propositions for restructuring and taxonomy (Pennsylvanian, Canada)

Zodrow¹,

D’Angelo²,

Cleal³

2017

Bull. Geosci.

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“…Dipterocarps are known in Paleogene and Neogene fossil floras of Southeast Asia and Africa, but these occurrences are principally represented by fossil woods with fewer leaves and pollen (Bancroft, 1935;Gregory et al, 2009). Fossil leaves of Shorea are mainly reported from the Neogene of India (Bande and Srivastava, 1990;Antal and Awasthi, 1993;Prasad, 1994; Prasad, 1997, 1996;Prasad et al, 2004;Joshi and Mehrotra, 2007;Khan et al, 2015), Neogene of Nepal (Konomatsu and Awasthi, 1999;Prasad et al, 1999, Prasad and A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T Pandey, 2008), Palaeogene of China (Feng et. al., 2013) and reliable fossil woods are well documented in the Neogene and Quaternary of Asia (Awasthi and Srivastava, 1992;Prakash et al, 1994;Awasthi and Mehrotra, 1997;Srivastava and Saxena, 1998;Mehrotra et.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shorea fossil leaves have been described from the Neogene sediments of India (Bande and Srivastava, 1990;Antal and Awasthi, 1993;Prasad, 1994;Prasad, 1996, 1997;Konomatsu and Awasthi, 1999;Prasad et al, 2004;Joshi and Mehrotra, 2007;Khan et al, 2015), Neogene sediments of Nepal (Prasad et al, 1999;Prasad and Pandey, 2008;Prasad and Dwivedi, 2008) and Paleogene sediments of China (Feng et al, 2013) (Table 2). The present fossil leaf has been compared with all the known species and found to be different from them in shape, size, apex, base and venation patterns (Table 2).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant fossils are often the best tool to reconstruct the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment of the studied region, and in this instance we employ the concept of Nearest Living Relative (NLR) (Mosbrugger and Utescher, 1997) to infer past conditions. This approach presupposes that fossil plants and their modern relatives share similar physiological requirements for (Bera et al, 2004;Khan and Bera, 2007;Bera and Khan, 2009;Khan et al, 2011;Khan and Bera, 2014 a, b;Khan et al, 2014a, b;Khan et al, 2015). So, the NLRs of the present fossil specimens, along with NLRs of our earlier described fossil assemblage from the same region support the inference that the ancient forests were tropical evergreen and this strongly indicates that warm and humid climatic conditions prevailed in the region in Miocene to Pleistocene times.…”

Section: Paleoclimatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5, a, b; Tables 4). The earliest reliable fossil record of Shorea (foliage and fruit fossils) is from the late Eocene of South China (Feng et al, 2013); numerous post-Eocene Shorea fossils were reported from India (Bande and Srivastava, 1990;Prakash et al, 1994;Prasad, 1994;Prasad, 1996, 1997;Awasthi and Mehrotra, 1997;Srivastava and Saxena, 1998;Bera and Banerjee, 2001;Prasad et al, 2004;Gurusamy and Kumarasamy, 2007;Joshi and Mehrotra, 2007;Khan and Bera, 2010;Tiwari et al, 2012;Shukla et al, 2012Shukla et al, , 2013Khan et al, 2015;Fig. 5, b, c;Table 4) and from the main land masses of Southeast Asia (Merrill, 1923;Den Berger, 1923;Schweitzer, 1958;Prakash, 1965b;Prakash, 1973;Sukiman, 1977;Prakash and Bande, 1980).…”

Section: Paleoclimatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Shorea Roxburgh ex C. F. Gaertner (Dipterocarpaceae) in the Neogene Siwalik forests of eastern Himalaya and its biogeography during the Cenozoic of Southeast Asia

Khan

Spicer

et al. 2016

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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Comparative microscopic investigations of leaf epidermis in four Ajuga species from Korea

Choi,

Hwang,

McAdam

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The genus Ajuga is widely distributed in temperate to subtropical regions, and four species are currently recognized in Korea (A. decumbens, A. multiflora, A. nipponensis, and A. spectabilis), but epidermal anatomical differences across these species have never been described. A comparative study of the leaf micromorphological characteristics of Korean Ajuga species was performed using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to elucidate their taxonomic usefulness and to assess leaf micromorphological diversity. Considerable diversity in epidermal and stomatal anatomy was observed across Korean Ajuga species. Species had both hypostomatic or amphistomatic leaves, with anomocytic, anisocytic, diactyic, or actinocytic stomatal complexes. Guard cell length across species ranged from 17.66 ± 0.57 μm to 32.50 ± 2.38 μm and correlated with genome size. Abnormal stomata were frequently observed in three species (A. decumbens, A. multiflora, and A. nipponensis) but not in A. spectabilis. Three types of glandular trichomes were found: peltate in all species, short‐stalked in all species, and long‐stalked glandular trichomes in A. multiflora. Among the investigated leaf micromophological characters, trichome type, epidermal cell shape, and stomatal morphology were all taxonomically informative traits at a species level.Research Highlights A comprehensive micromorphological description of the leaf surface is provided for Korean Ajuga species using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and light microscopic (LM) analyses. The diverse range of stomatal development and the occurrence of polymorphic stomatal types are documented for the first time in Korean Ajuga species. The great diversity in stomatal and trichome morphology in Korean Ajuga species are taxonomically useful traits for species identification.

show abstract

Leaf cuticular morphology of some angiosperm taxa from the Siwalik sediments (middle Miocene to lower Pleistocene) of Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: Systematic and palaeoclimatic implications

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

The Neuropteris ovata frond and its cyclopteroids: micromorphology-spectrochemistry-fractal taxonomy: Propositions for restructuring and taxonomy (Pennsylvanian, Canada)

The Neuropteris ovata frond and its cyclopteroids: micromorphology-spectrochemistry-fractal taxonomy: Propositions for restructuring and taxonomy (Pennsylvanian, Canada)

Occurrence of Shorea Roxburgh ex C. F. Gaertner (Dipterocarpaceae) in the Neogene Siwalik forests of eastern Himalaya and its biogeography during the Cenozoic of Southeast Asia

Comparative microscopic investigations of leaf epidermis in four Ajuga species from Korea

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