Leaf area index is the principal scaling parameter for both gross photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration of Northern deciduous and coniferous forests

Lindroth, Anders; Lagergren, Fredrik; Aurela, Mika; Bjarnadóttir, Brynhildur; Christensen, Torben R.; Dellwik, Ebba; Grelle, Achim; Ibrom, Andreas; Johansson, Torbjörn; Lankreijer, Harry; Launiainen, Samuli; Laurila, Tuomas; Mölder, Meelis; Nikinmaa, Eero; Pilegaard, Kim; Sigurðsson, Bjarni D.; Vesala, Timo

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v60i2.16909

Cited by 30 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…LAI values at our suburban study sites were also similar to, or slightly lower than, those observed in temperate and boreal forests with tree species similar to those in our study area (Chen et al 2006;Lindroth et al 2008). This result is consistent with studies showing that the aboveground biomass of open-grown urban trees can be 20% less than forest-grown trees of the same diameter (Nowak 1994).…”

Section: Seasonal Patterns Of Lai and Microclimate Variablesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Influence of seasonality and vegetation type on suburban microclimates

Peters

McFadden

2010

Urban Ecosyst

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Urbanization is responsible for some of the fastest rates of land-use change around the world, with important consequences for local, regional, and global climate. Vegetation, which represents a significant proportion of many urban and suburban landscapes, can modify climate by altering local exchanges of heat, water vapor, and CO 2 . To determine how distinct urban forest communities vary in their microclimate effects over time, we measured stand-level leaf area index, soil temperature, infrared surface temperature, and soil water content over a complete growing season at 29 sites representing the five most common vegetation types in a suburban neighborhood of Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota. We found that seasonal patterns of soil and surface temperatures were controlled more by differences in stand-level leaf area index and tree cover than by plant functional type. Across the growing season, sites with high leaf area index had soil temperatures that were 7°C lower and surface temperatures that were 6°C lower than sites with low leaf area index. Site differences in mid-season soil temperature and turfgrass ground cover were best explained by leaf area index, whereas differences in mid-season surface temperature were best explained by percent tree cover. The significant cooling effects of urban tree canopies on soil temperature imply that seasonal changes in leaf area index may also modulate CO 2 efflux from urban soils, a highly temperature-dependent process, and that this should be considered in calculations of total CO 2 efflux for urban carbon budgets. Field-based estimates of percent tree cover were found to better predict mid-season leaf area index than satellite-derived estimates and consequently offer an approach to scale up urban biophysical properties.

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Section: Seasonal Patterns Of Lai and Microclimate Variablesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Influence of seasonality and vegetation type on suburban microclimates

Peters

McFadden

2010

Urban Ecosyst

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“…We selected four beech stands (Hesse in France (Granier et al 2008), Collelongo in Italy (Cutini et al 1998), Sorø in Denmark (Lindroth et al 2008) and Hainich in Germany (Kutsch et al 2008)) and two pine stands (Loobos in The Netherlands (Schelhaas et al 2004) and Hyytiälä in Finland (Suni et al 2003)) from the CarboEurope-IP database ( Table 4). The extended database contained most stand and meteorological variables (Level 4 data; Reichstein et al 2005;Papale et al 2006) required by the models, but lacked some site variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of stand, site and meteorological variables on the maximum leaf area index of beech, oak and Scots pine

et al. 2011

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Different multiple linear regression models of maximum leaf area index (LAI max ) based on stand characteristics, site quality, meteorological variables and their combinations were constructed and cross-validated for three economically important tree species in Flanders, Belgium: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The models were successfully tested on similar datasets of experimental sites across Europe. For each species, ten homogeneous and mature stands were selected, covering the species' entire stand productivity range based on an a priori site index classification. LAI max was derived from measurements of leaf area index (LAI) made by means of hemispherical digital photography over the whole growing season (mid-April till end October 2008). Speciesspecific models of LAI max for beech and oak were mostly driven by management practice affecting stand characteristics and tree growth. Tree density and dominant height were main predictors for beech, while stand age and treering growth were important in the oak models. Scots pine models were more affected by site quality and meteorological variables. The beech meteorological model showed very good agreement with LAI at several European sites. Scots pine's stand model predicted well LAI across Europe. Since the species-specific models did not share common predictors, generic models of LAI max were developed for the 30 studied sites. Dominant height was found to be the best predictor in those generic models. As expected, they showed a lower predictive performance than speciesspecific ones.

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“…For some plant species, both GPP and NPP increase monotonically with vegetation structural variables such as leaf area or tree height. For example in lodgepole pine, GPP is proportional to leaf area (Lindroth et al 2008), and leaf area is correlated with tree height (Long and Smith 1988). The ratio of NPP to GPP is often constrained within a narrow range (Makela and Valentine 2001) and there is a strong correlation between these two fluxes for many forest ecosystems (DeLucia et al 2007), and especially for lodgepole pine (Buckley and Roberts 2006), meaning that NPP can also be assumed proportional to leaf area and also to tree height.…”

Section: Partitioning and Distributing Nepmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the spatial heterogeneity of net ecosystem productivity in complex landscapes

et al. 2011

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. 2011. On the spatial heterogeneity of net ecosystem productivity in complex landscapes. Ecosphere 2(7):art86. doi:10.1890/ES11-00074.1Abstract. Micrometeorological flux towers provide spatially integrated estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP) of carbon over areas ranging from several hectares to several square kilometers, but they do so at the expense of spatially explicit information within the footprint of the tower. This finer-scale information is crucial for understanding how physical and biological factors interact and give rise to towermeasured fluxes in complex landscapes. We present a simple approach for quantifying and evaluating the spatial heterogeneity of cumulative growing season NEP for complex landscapes. Our method is based on spatially distributed information about physical and biological landscape variables and knowledge of functional relationships between constituent fluxes and these variables. We present a case study from a complex landscape in the Rocky Mountains of Montana (US) to demonstrate that the spatial distribution of cumulative growing season NEP is rather large and bears the imprint of the topographic and vegetation variables that characterize this complex landscape. Net carbon sources and net carbon sinks were distributed across the landscape in manner predictable by the intersection of these landscape variables. We simulated year-to-year climate variability and found that some portions of the landscape were consistently either carbon sinks or carbon sources, but other portions transitioned between sink and source. Our findings reveal that this emergent behavior is a unique characteristic of complex landscapes derived from the interaction of topography and vegetation. These findings offer new insight for interpreting spatially integrated carbon fluxes measured over complex landscapes.

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Leaf area index is the principal scaling parameter for both gross photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration of Northern deciduous and coniferous forests

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of seasonality and vegetation type on suburban microclimates

Influence of seasonality and vegetation type on suburban microclimates

Influence of stand, site and meteorological variables on the maximum leaf area index of beech, oak and Scots pine

On the spatial heterogeneity of net ecosystem productivity in complex landscapes

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