Leaf Area Development Patterns in Young Pruned and Unpruned Apple Trees

Lakso, Alan N.

doi:10.21273/jashs.109.6.861

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…It is possible that because shoot growth decreased, the sink demand for shoot leaf carbohydrates also decreased, increasing carbohydrates concentration in leaves. Reduced area of fruiting spurs leaves caused by paclobutrazol treatment may have been responsible for the decrease in apple size (6), or treatment may have slowed spur leaf development which can also affect fruit yield (11). However, it is also possible that GA biosynthesis inhibition may have been responsible for the slight reduction in apple size rather than competition for carbohydrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Carbohydrate, and Mineral Element Status of Shoot and Spur Leaves and Fruit of ‘Spartan’ Apple Trees Treated with Paclobutrazol

Steffens

Wang

Faust

et al. 1985

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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‘Spartan’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were treated with paclobutrazol, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, in the spring of 1982 and again in 1983. In 1983, extension shoot and fruiting spur growth was reduced as were leaf number and area. Shoot and spur leaf chlorophyll levels were not affected. Treatment reduced fruit size and weight slightly, but firmness and soluble solids at harvest were unchanged. Sorbitol was signficantly higher in leaves from paclobutrazol-treated trees at all 4 sampling dates [78, 112, 134, and 163 days-after-full-bloom (DAFB)]. Paclobutrazol treatment had little effect on leaf fructose, glucose, and sucrose but increased starch. Treatment had no effect on apple flesh carbohydrate levels. Bud and wood carbohydrate levels in early 1984 differed at various sampling dates but overall carbohydrate metabolism during bud development appeared to be unaffected by treatment. Mineral element content of spur leaves was not affected by treatment, but shoot leaves showed significantly increased Ca levels 112 and 134 DAFB. Mineral content in apple flesh and skin was not changed by paclobutrazol treatment. Chemical name used: β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1-H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Carbohydrate, and Mineral Element Status of Shoot and Spur Leaves and Fruit of ‘Spartan’ Apple Trees Treated with Paclobutrazol

Steffens

Wang

Faust

et al. 1985

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…A recent model of vine growth and development (10,20), along with a preceding paper (21), demonstrates that vine dry matter production may be predicted by several methods. If the dynamics of N uptake and partitioning within the vine are known, it may be possible to predict the amount of N required for vines in a particular vineyard.…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The increase in area and dry weight per shoot at lower shoot densities was due to an increase in the contribution of lateral shoots to each growth parameter. Lakso (20) found that pruning stimulated the production of laterals from 1year-old shoots such that pruning had no significant effect on total leaf area at full canopy of young apple trees. May et al (24) found that increasing the number of nodes per vine (by altering the pruning pattern) did not increase pruning weights to a similiar extent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth of ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapevines: I. Leaf Area Development and Dry Weight Distribution

Williams

1987

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Data were collected over 3 years to provide detailed information on growth and development of ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevines used for raisin production. Leaf area and leaf, shoot, and cluster dry weights were measured throughout the growing season. Results were plotted against growing degree days (GDDs), using a minimum temperature threshold of 10°C, after budbreak. There was a linear increase in leaf area and vegetative dry matter from about 200 to 1000 GDDs after budbreak. Cluster dry weight increased linearly from 750 GDDs after budbreak until harvest. While shoot numbers per vine increased 70% from 1983 to 1985, there was not a similiar increase in the amount of dry matter per vine. Weight per unit leaf area (WL) increased from ≈ 40 g·m-2 early in the season to >65 g·m-2 90 days after fruit harvest. Results indicate that vines in this vineyard maintained a constant growth pattern year after year when growth was plotted vs. growing degree days.

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“…Studying apple trees, Hansen (1977) and Lakso (1984) showed that short twig leaves, representing foliarized structures (Lauri and Te Ârouanne, 1991;Lauri and Kelner, 2001), start to export carbohydrates 10 d after the onset of growth, whereas rather axialized long shoots (Lauri and Te Ârouanne, 1991;Lauri and Kelner, 2001) do not export carbohydrates until 3±4 weeks after budding. In agreement with Hansen's (1977) results, Lakso (1984), Johnson and Lakso (1986), Lakso and Corelli-Grappelli (1992) and Lauri and Kelner (2001) showed that, contrary to long shoots, the capacity of short shoots to precociously export carbohydrates to other parts of the plant could be linked, in part, to the development of a reduced quantity of caulinary tissues by these structures (Johnson and Lakso, 1986). Thereafter, less time is required to complete stem structure formation after lengthening of leafy shoots.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Rubus Alceifolius Behaviour Through Axiali...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Patterns of the Invasive Bramble (Rubus alceifolius Poiret, Rosaceae) in Reunion Island: an Architectural and Morphometric Analysis

Baret

Nicolini²,

Bourgeois³

et al. 2002

Annals of Botany

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The aim of this study was to identify the developmental stages of Rubus alceifolius and to determine one or more characteristic morphological markers for each stage. The developmental reconstitution method used involved a detailed description of many individuals throughout the different stages of growth, from germination to the development of an adult shoot capable of fruiting. Results revealed that R. alceifolius passes through five developmental stages that can be distinguished by changes in several morphological markers such as internode length and diameter, pith diameter and plant shape. This analysis indicated that R. alceifolius has a heteroblastic developmental pattern, midway between that of a bush and a liana. Moreover, results showed that this species taps environmental resources early in its development, i.e. foliarization is high (the foliar component overrides the caulinary component) and an autotrophic stage is rapidly reached, whereas it 'explores' the environment during the adult stage, i.e. axialization is substantial (the caulinary component overrides the foliar component) and autotrophy occurs at a later stage. The morphological markers identified could benefit land-use managers attempting to control this species before it reaches its optimum developmental stage.

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Leaf Area Development Patterns in Young Pruned and Unpruned Apple Trees

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Growth, Carbohydrate, and Mineral Element Status of Shoot and Spur Leaves and Fruit of ‘Spartan’ Apple Trees Treated with Paclobutrazol

Growth, Carbohydrate, and Mineral Element Status of Shoot and Spur Leaves and Fruit of ‘Spartan’ Apple Trees Treated with Paclobutrazol

Growth of ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapevines: I. Leaf Area Development and Dry Weight Distribution

Developmental Patterns of the Invasive Bramble (Rubus alceifolius Poiret, Rosaceae) in Reunion Island: an Architectural and Morphometric Analysis

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