Leaf Angles, Leaf Area, and Canopy Photosynthesis<sup>1</sup>

Duncan, W. G.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183x001100040006x

Cited by 283 publications

(153 citation statements)

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“…Higher leaf number, expansion and duration of leaf area coupled with higher light interception (69.85%) under adequate moisture condition have contributed for more dry matter accumulation and translocation of photosynthates from source to sink, eventually resulting in higher yield attributes. The importance of canopy structure in light interception, crop growth and yield has been pointed out by Duncan [6]. In baby corn, Sundarsingh [7] reported higher plant height (231.00 cm) and dry matter production (13.50 t·ha -1 ) due to irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 over 0.5 and 0.75 ratios.…”

Section: Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phenophase based irrigation schedules on growth, yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.)

Shivakumar¹,

Ramachandrappa²,

Nanjappa³

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT) with higher green fodder yield of 43.47 t·ha -1 due to irrigation scheduled at IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 followed by moisture stress at early stage (I 3 ). Irrigations scheduled at IW/ CPE ratio of 1.0 registered significantly higher baby corn yield of 6.60 t·ha -1 followed by the delayed irrigation at early stage of 10 -25 DAS. Significantly higher crude protein, phosphorus, potassium and lower reducing sugars and ascorbic acid content of baby corn was recorded under IW/CPE ratio of 1.0. Delayed irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE ratio throughout produced baby corn with higher taste and juiciness. The total crop water use ranged from 294.10 to 469.10 mm, respectively under continuously delayed irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE ratio and frequent irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 which also recorded higher water use efficiency.

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Section: Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phenophase based irrigation schedules on growth, yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.)

Shivakumar¹,

Ramachandrappa²,

Nanjappa³

et al. 2011

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“…This view was confirmed by the observation that leaves of IR65 forced into a horizontal position so that light saturation was maintained over the main part of the day exhibited greater photoinhibition than when in a vertical position. It has been shown that leaves in a horizontal position receive a greater total daily irradiance (Duncan, 1971), but this has not previously been considered in terms of the extent of light stress. The advantageous effect of a vertical leaf posture is clearly shown in the observation of near maximum values of qP at midday: even though PAR is maximum, the potential for light stress is at a minimum.…”

Section: Leaf Angle Determines In Situ Patterns Of Photosynthesis Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Senescence and Leaf Orientation Determine in Situ Patterns of Photosynthesis and Photoinhibition in Field-Grown Rice1

et al. 1999

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Photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) were examined in relation to leaf age and orientation. Two varieties (IR72 and IR65598-112-2 [BSI206]) were grown in the field in the Philippines during the dry season under highly irrigated, well-fertilized conditions. Flag leaves were examined 60 and 100 d after transplanting. Because of the upright nature of 60-d-old rice leaves, patterns of photosynthesis were determined by solar movements: light falling on the exposed surface in the morning, a low incident angle of irradiance at midday, and light striking the opposite side of the leaf blade in the afternoon. There was an early morning burst of CO 2 assimilation and high levels of saturation of photosystem II electron transfer as incident irradiance reached a maximum level. However, by midday the photochemical efficiency increased again almost to maximum. Leaves that were 100 d old possessed a more horizontal orientation and were found to suffer greater levels of photoinhibition than younger leaves, and this was accompanied by increases in the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle. Older leaves had significantly lower chlorophyll content but only slightly diminished photosynthesis capacity.Recent studies show that rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields need to increase by 70% of current levels by the year 2030 to meet the needs of a rapidly increasing human population, and this increase must arise almost exclusively from existing highly irrigated farmland (Khush and Peng, 1996). To achieve this increase in production, the yield potential needs to be increased and the rate of biomass production improved, particularly during the reproductive phase (Cassman, 1994). Of the numerous factors affecting crop yield, the efficiency with which solar radiation is transformed into biomass and the amount of radiation available are the most important (Russell et al., 1989).Light saturation of photosynthesis leads to a decline in radiation-conversion efficiency. For rice this was estimated to be approximately 17% (Murata and Matsushima, 1975) but varies greatly according to variety and growth conditions. In the tropical dry season, high irradiance not only saturates photosynthesis but also subjects the exposed flag leaf to high-light stress. The response of rice leaves to high irradiance has not been characterized in the field. In laboratory and field studies of other plant species, mechanisms operate that down-regulate PSII via an increase in the dissipation of excess excitation energy (Demmig-Adams and Adams, 1996;Horton et al., 1996). Although the major fraction of this is controlled by the thylakoid ⌬pH and the xanthophyll cycle, and therefore responds rapidly to changes in irradiance, some down-regulation is often longlived and in extreme cases damage to thylakoid constituents can occur (Andersson and Barber, 1996). Both damage to and sustained down-regulation of PSII can be considered to be photoinhibitory (i.e. causing a decrease in the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis; Osmond, 1994) and pote...

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“…A LAI of 4-8 is needed for good rice crop photosynthesis (Yoshida, 1981). A combination of erect upper leaves and droopy lower leaves in a plant canopy gives the maximum crop photosynthesis (Duncan, 1971). Improvements in whole canopy level photosynthesis has made a substantial increase in yield potential of cereals, particularly in rice (yoshida, 1981) through breeding for improved plant type (Kush, 2013).…”

Section: Physiological Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield potential, potential yield and realized yield at farmer level of cereals with special reference to rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.)

Abeysiriwardena¹

2016

SL J Food & Agric

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) are the three main cereals that account for the majority of calories in human diets and they will continue to remain the main sources of human nutrition. In order to meet the food demand of increasing population the only option left to increase production of these crops is to increase crop productivity per unit land area in the existing cultivable lands. Grain production of cereals is largely influenced by their yield potential. However, the terms 'yield potential', 'potential yield' and 'maximum potential yield' are synonymously used in the literature to describe different yield ceilings of crop plants without making a clear distinction among them. These terms have been defined in relation to the realized yield at farmer level. This review discusses the methods of estimating yield potential and potential yields of cereals, their physiological basis, and genetic improvement, with special reference to rice. The role of light interception, radiation use efficiency and harvest index as components of a varietal yield potential in relation to their genetic improvement and importance of improving varietal resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in relation to improving potential yield have been discussed.

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Leaf Angles, Leaf Area, and Canopy Photosynthesis¹

Cited by 283 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of phenophase based irrigation schedules on growth, yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.)

Effect of phenophase based irrigation schedules on growth, yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.)

Interactions between Senescence and Leaf Orientation Determine in Situ Patterns of Photosynthesis and Photoinhibition in Field-Grown Rice1

Yield potential, potential yield and realized yield at farmer level of cereals with special reference to rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.)

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Leaf Angles, Leaf Area, and Canopy Photosynthesis1

Cited by 283 publications

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Effect of phenophase based irrigation schedules on growth, yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.)

Effect of phenophase based irrigation schedules on growth, yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.)

Interactions between Senescence and Leaf Orientation Determine in Situ Patterns of Photosynthesis and Photoinhibition in Field-Grown Rice1

Yield potential, potential yield and realized yield at farmer level of cereals with special reference to rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.)

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Product

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Leaf Angles, Leaf Area, and Canopy Photosynthesis¹