Leaf anatomy of Cynara scolymus L. in successive micropropagation stages

Apóstolo, Nancy Mariel; Brutti, C.; Llorente, Berta E.

doi:10.1079/ivp2004606

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Blake), encontraram resultados semelhantes ao desse trabalho observando que ocorria aumento na diferenciação e na espessura dos tecidos com a aclimatização. Entretanto, Apóstolo et al (2005) encontraram menor espessura desses tecidos, em plantas de Cynara scolymus L. aclimatizadas, em comparação com plantas estabelecidas em condições in vitro.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Diversos estudos histológicos demonstraram que os órgãos vegetativos de plantas desenvolvidas in vitro apresentam tecidos e estruturas pouco diferenciados se comparados com plantas cultivadas em casa-de-vegetação (APÓSTOLO et al, 2005;LOURO et al, 2003). Além disso, o número e formato dos estômatos também são afetados, o que pode acarretar uma maior ou menor eficiência fotossintética da planta (OSÓRIO et al, 2005 (MURASHIGE & SKOOG, 1962), suplementado com 30 g.L -1 de sacarose, 6 g.L -1 de ágar e o pH do meio ajustado em 6,0 e, em seguida, autoclavado por 15 minutos.…”

Section: (Recebido Em 22 De Setembro De 2006 E Aprovado Em 30 De Maiounclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anatomia foliar de Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nich. (Bignoniaceae) propagadas in vitro, in vivo e durante a aclimatização

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMOAs mudas propagadas por técnicas de micropropagação geralmente apresentam alterações significativas induzidas pelas condições in vitro, que diminuem a capacidade de sobrevivência após a transferência para o ambiente ex vitro, sendo fundamental a avaliação da mudança estrutural durante o processo de adaptação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho, identificar as diferenças anatômicas foliares entre plantas de Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nich. (ipê amarelo), cultivadas in vitro, in vivo e durante a aclimatização. Foram utilizadas plântulas mantidas por 43 dias em sala de crescimento, com 20, 40, 60 e 80 dias de aclimatização e mudas de 90 dias cultivadas em viveiro. As plântulas foram obtidas via cultura de embriões em meio MS e transplantadas para tubetes contendo plantmax ® , para aclimatização em viveiro, sob 50% de sombreamento. Nas mesmas condições da aclimatização, foram produzidas as mudas in vivo. Cortes transversais e paradérmicos foram preparados de acordo com técnicas usuais em microtecnia vegetal. As plântulas in vitro apresentam os tecidos foliares pouco diferenciados e estômatos maiores e mais abertos, exigindo maiores cuidados na etapa inicial de aclimatização. Aos 60 dias de aclimatização as novas folhas produzidas possuem alguns aspectos anatômicos que podem conferir maior eficiência fotossintética e maior capacidade de regulação hídrica das plantas.Termos para indexação: Ipê-amarelo, planta medicinal, micropropagação. ABSTRACTThe seedlings spread by micropropagation techniques, usually show significant alterations induced by the conditions in vitro, which decrease the survival capacity after the transfer to conditions ex vitro. The evaluation of the structural change during the acclimatization is necessary for the understanding of this adaptation process. The objective of this research was to identify the anatomical differences among the seedlings cultivated in vitro, in vivo and acclimatized plants of Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nich. (yellow ipe), species with great medicinal and ornamental interest. One used seedlings maintained for 43 days in growth chamber, with 20, 40, 60 and 80 days of acclimatization and seedlings after 90 days of cultivation in vivo. Seedlings were obtained from culture of embryos in half BAD and transplanted to tubes containing plantmax®, for aclimatização in nursery house under 50% of shad. In the same conditions of the acclimatization the seedlings in vivo were produced. Transversal and paradermal sections were prepared using the usual microthecniques. The results showed that the seedlings in vitro have the leaf tissue little differed and the stomata are open and bigger, demanding greater cares in the initial stage of acclimatization. At 60 days of acclimatization the new leaves produced have some anatomical aspects that can originate higher photosynthetic efficiency and better water regulation capacity of the plants.

show abstract

Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: (Recebido Em 22 De Setembro De 2006 E Aprovado Em 30 De Maiounclassified

Anatomia foliar de Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nich. (Bignoniaceae) propagadas in vitro, in vivo e durante a aclimatização

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reduced leaf photosynthetic activity as a result of the poor development of the photosynthetic apparatus, inadequate gas exchange, stomata deformation and suppressed Rubisco activity has been revealed to limit successful in vitro to ex vitro transfer (Zenkteler and Borkowska 2002;Apóstolo et al 2005;Joshi et al 2006;de Oliveira et al 2008 and the literature therein). High mortality during acclimation to ex vitro conditions is mainly associated with the low ability of plantlets to regulate water loss as the result of anatomical abnormalities that had developed in vitro such as increased stomatal density (Joshi et al 2006) or root system damage during transfer from in vitro to ex vitro conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regenerated plantlets were successfully rooted and acclimated to ex vitro conditions with an almost 100% survival rate. It is commonly known that the transfer from in vitro to ex vitro conditions requires adaptation to the new stressful conditions (Pospíšilová et al 1999;Apóstolo et al 2005;Joshi et al 2006;Osório et al 2010). During this acclimation, plants undergo physiological and morphological changes that enable them to grow in the new environment (Pospíšilová et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this acclimation, plants undergo physiological and morphological changes that enable them to grow in the new environment (Pospíšilová et al 1999). In the case of many species, the low ex vitro acclimation of regenerated plantlets results from the low photosynthetic capacity that is developed in vitro (Apóstolo et al 2005;Joshi et al 2006). The specific environmental conditions inside culture vessels, including high air humidity, the presence of a medium usually supplemented with sugar, low gas exchange, ethylene production and low photosynthetic photon flux density may result in physiological anomalies in the micropropagated plants, such as decreased photosynthetic efficiency, poor water loss control, difficult rooting and a low functionality of the developed roots (Pierik 1990;Pospíšilová et al 1992Pospíšilová et al , 2000Kadleček et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rooting affects the photosystem II activity: in vitro and ex vitro studies on energy hybrid sorrel

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rumex tianschanicus 9 Rumex patientia is a high-biomass-yielding plant suitable for fuel and biogas production. The protocol of the hybrid sorrel micropropagation was used to study the changes in the photosystem II (PSII) activity as well as to analyse the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts. The lowest effective PSII quantum yield [Y(II)] and an apparent electron transport rate of PSII [ETR(II)] were observed for adventitious shoots that had been regenerated in vitro, before rooting. These fluorescence parameters were higher and similar for both the leaves of the same adventitious shoots that had been rooted under in vitro conditions and for the shoots that had been acclimated and grown in ex vitro conditions. The analysis indicated that the PSII activity strongly depends on the formation of properly functioning roots and that in vitro or ex vitro culture conditions are, at least to some degree, less important. TEM analysis revealed that chloroplasts from plants rooted in vitro were sufficiently mature and acclimatization processes have less impact on their development. This is the first report concerning the analysis of PSII activity and the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts at all of the stages of micropropagation, i.e. adventitious shoot formation in vitro, rooting in vitro and acclimation to ex vitro conditions. It strongly indicated that rooting under in vitro conditions, rather than the acclimation to ex vitro conditions, plays a key role in the development of a completely functional photosynthetic apparatus in hybrid sorrel.Keywords Rumex tianschanicus 9 Rumex patientia Á PSII activity Á Chlorophyll a fluorescence Á Ultrastructure of chloroplasts Á In vitro/ex vitro transfer Á Photosynthetic apparatus

show abstract

Anatomy and morphology of photinia (Photinia × fraseri Dress) in vitro plants inoculated with rhizobacteria

Larraburu

Apóstolo

Llorente

2010

Trees

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photinia 9 fraseri Dress (photinia) is a woody plant with high ornamental value. The anatomy and morphology of micropropagated photinia inoculated with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum, in combination with pulses of 49.2 lM indole-3-butyric acid during rhizogenesis, were characterized using light and electron microscopy. Leaves of inoculated in vitro plants showed better development than those subjected to auxin control only. All inoculated treatments, independent of the bacterial strain used, had leaves with two layers of palisade parenchyma, a thick cuticle and linear unicellular trichomes. There was no proliferation of undifferentiated tissue in any treatment and the plants showed shoot-root vascular connections. Ex vitro leaves and in vitro plants inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense Cd and Azotobacter chroococcum 42 had large stomata with elliptic aperture radially surrounded by small stomata on the abaxial foliar surface. In addition, plants of these treatments had a large root hair zone over the root surface. Bacteria were only observed on surfaces of root hairs. The results suggest that the structural changes induced by bacterial inoculation of photinia in vitro plants could lead to better adaptation to ex vitro conditions after transplanting.

show abstract

Leaf anatomy of Cynara scolymus L. in successive micropropagation stages

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Anatomia foliar de Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nich. (Bignoniaceae) propagadas in vitro, in vivo e durante a aclimatização

Anatomia foliar de Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nich. (Bignoniaceae) propagadas in vitro, in vivo e durante a aclimatização

Rooting affects the photosystem II activity: in vitro and ex vitro studies on energy hybrid sorrel

Anatomy and morphology of photinia (Photinia × fraseri Dress) in vitro plants inoculated with rhizobacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About