Leaf Age Related Partial Resistance to<i>Pyricularia oryzae</i>in Tropical Lowland Rice Cultivars as Measured by the Number of Sporulating Lesions

Roumen, E.; Bonman, J. M.; Parlevliet, J.E.

doi:10.1094/phyto-82-1414

Cited by 49 publications

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“…referred to as age-related resistance (ARR; Koch and Mew, 1991;Roumen et al, 1992;Kus et al, 2002). SA accumulation is necessary for the ARR response against virulent P. syringae, as plant lines deficient in SA accumulation, such as NahG, sid1, and sid2, do not exhibit ARR (Kus et al, 2002).…”

Section: Ascorbate Deficiency In Vtc1 Is Associated With Promotion Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Timing of Senescence and Response to Pathogens Is Altered in the Ascorbate-Deficient Arabidopsis Mutant vitamin c-1

et al. 2004

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The ozone-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant vitamin c-1 (vtc1) is deficient in l-ascorbic acid (AsA) due to a mutation in GDP-Man pyrophosphorylase (Conklin et al., 1999), an enzyme involved in the AsA biosynthetic pathway (Smirnoff et al., 2001). In this study, the physiology of this AsA deficiency was initially investigated in response to biotic (virulent pathogens) stress and subsequently with regards to the onset of senescence. Infection with either virulent Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica resulted in largely reduced bacterial and hyphal growth in the vtc1 mutant in comparison to the wild type. When vitamin c-2 (vtc2), another AsA-deficient mutant, was challenged with P. parasitica, growth of the fungus was also reduced, indicating that the two AsA-deficient mutants are more resistant to these pathogens. Induction of pathogenesis-related proteins PR-1 and PR-5 is significantly higher in vtc1 than in the wild type when challenged with virulent P. syringae. In addition, the vtc1 mutant exhibits elevated levels of some senescence-associated gene (SAG) transcripts as well as heightened salicylic acid levels. Presumably, therefore, low AsA is causing vtc1 to enter at least some stage(s) of senescence prematurely with an accompanying increase in salicylic acid levels that results in a faster induction of defense responses.

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Section: Ascorbate Deficiency In Vtc1 Is Associated With Promotion Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Timing of Senescence and Response to Pathogens Is Altered in the Ascorbate-Deficient Arabidopsis Mutant vitamin c-1

et al. 2004

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“…Some plants become more susceptible to certain pathogens as they develop (Miller, 1983); however, susceptibility decreases with increasing leaf age in the rice/ Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae (Koch and Mew, 1991) and rice/ Pyricularia oryzae (Roumen et al, 1992) interactions. In contrast, older plants (both young and mature leaves) display increased resistance in the wheat/ Puccinia recondita f.sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Resistance in Arabidopsis Is a Developmentally Regulated Defense Response to Pseudomonas syringae

et al. 2002

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Age-related resistance (ARR) has been observed in a number of plant species; however, little is known about the biochemical or molecular mechanisms involved in this response. Arabidopsis becomes more resistant, or less susceptible, to virulent Pseudomonas syringae (pv tomato or maculicola ) as plants mature (in planta bacterial growth reduction of 10-to 100-fold). An ARR-like response also was observed in response to certain environmental conditions that accelerate Arabidopsis development. ARR occurs in the Arabidopsis mutants pad3-1 , eds7-1 , npr1-1 , and etr1-4 , suggesting that ARR is a distinct defense response, unlike the induced systemic resistance or systemic acquired resistance responses. However, three salicylic acid (SA) accumulation-deficient plant lines, NahG , sid1 , and sid2 , did not exhibit ARR. A heat-stable antibacterial activity was detected in intercellular washing fluids in response to Pst inoculation in wild-type ARR-competent plants but not in NahG . These data suggest that the ability to accumulate SA is necessary for the ARR response and that SA may act as a signal for the production of the ARR-associated antimicrobial compound(s) and/or it may possess direct antibacterial activity against P. syringae . INTRODUCTIONThe relationship between plant age and disease resistance has been investigated in many plant-pathogen systems (Bateman and Lumsden, 1965; Griffey and Leach, 1965;Hunter et al., 1977;Lazarovits et al., 1981;Ward et al., 1981;Miller, 1983; Chase and Jones, 1986;Reuveni et al., 1986;Pretorius et al., 1988;Koch and Mew, 1991; Chang et al., 1992;Heath, 1993;Rupe and Gbur, 1995). Some plants become more susceptible to certain pathogens as they develop (Miller, 1983); however, susceptibility decreases with increasing leaf age in the rice/ Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae (Koch and Mew, 1991) and rice/ Pyricularia oryzae (Roumen et al., 1992) interactions. In contrast, older plants (both young and mature leaves) display increased resistance in the wheat/ Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici (Pretorius et al., 1988) and tobacco/ Peronospora tabacina (Reuveni et al., 1986) interactions. When older leaves/plants display increased resistance or reduced susceptibility to pathogens, this form of resistance often is referred to as age-related resistance (ARR).The actual mechanisms responsible for the different forms of ARR have been studied in a preliminary manner in only a few cases. In cowpea/rust and cereal/rust interactions, an ARR response is thought to be controlled by single resistance genes expressed in adult plants (Roelfs, 1984;Heath, 1993). Ward et al. (1981) and Lazarovits et al. (1981) observed a positive correlation between increasing plant age, glyceollin production, and resistance to Phytophthora megasperma var sojae in soybean. A similar correlation was observed for the accumulation of a cotton phytoalexin in response to Verticillium albo-atrum infection (Bell, 1969), constitutive accumulation of terpenoids in older cotton plants (Hunter et al., 1977), or capsidiol accumulati...

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“…For example, in many pathosystems, such as powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) on grape (Vitis vinifera) and stripe rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) on wheat (Triticum aestivum), young leaves are more susceptible to infections than older ones (Doster and Schnathorst, 1985;Lalancette and Hickey, 1985;Qayoum and Line, 1985;Reuveni et al, 1986;Roumen et al, 1992). The transition that fruit undergo during ripening is another example of a developmental process that is coincident with increased susceptibility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ripening-Regulated Susceptibility of Tomato Fruit toBotrytis cinereaRequiresNORBut NotRINor Ethylene

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Blanco‐Ulate

Long³

et al. 2009

Plant Physiology

148

163

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Fruit ripening is a developmental process that is associated with increased susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Histochemical observations demonstrate that unripe tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit activate pathogen defense responses, but these responses are attenuated in ripe fruit infected by B. cinerea. Tomato fruit ripening is regulated independently and cooperatively by ethylene and transcription factors, including NON-RIPENING (NOR) and RIPENING-INHIBITOR (RIN). Mutations in NOR or RIN or interference with ethylene perception prevent fruit from ripening and, thereby, would be expected to influence susceptibility. We show, however, that the susceptibility of ripe fruit is dependent on NOR but not on RIN and only partially on ethylene perception, leading to the conclusion that not all of the pathways and events that constitute ripening render fruit susceptible. Additionally, on unripe fruit, B. cinerea induces the expression of genes also expressed as uninfected fruit ripen. Among the ripening-associated genes induced by B. cinerea are LePG (for polygalacturonase) and LeExp1 (for expansin), which encode cell wall-modifying proteins and have been shown to facilitate susceptibility. LePG and LeExp1 are induced only in susceptible rin fruit and not in resistant nor fruit. Thus, to infect fruit, B. cinerea relies on some of the processes and events that occur during ripening, and the fungus induces these pathways in unripe fruit, suggesting that the pathogen itself can initiate the induction of susceptibility by exploiting endogenous developmental programs. These results demonstrate the developmental plasticity of plant responses to the fungus and indicate how known regulators of fruit ripening participate in regulating ripening-associated pathogen susceptibility.

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Leaf Age Related Partial Resistance toPyricularia oryzaein Tropical Lowland Rice Cultivars as Measured by the Number of Sporulating Lesions

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

The Timing of Senescence and Response to Pathogens Is Altered in the Ascorbate-Deficient Arabidopsis Mutant vitamin c-1

The Timing of Senescence and Response to Pathogens Is Altered in the Ascorbate-Deficient Arabidopsis Mutant vitamin c-1

Age-Related Resistance in Arabidopsis Is a Developmentally Regulated Defense Response to Pseudomonas syringae

Ripening-Regulated Susceptibility of Tomato Fruit toBotrytis cinereaRequiresNORBut NotRINor Ethylene

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