Leadership, personal values, and cultural context in Brazil, China, and the USA

Abstract

This research examines the association between configurations of personal values and managerial incumbency among professionals in Brazil, the US, and Asia. Our research is different from classical leadership research as well as most cross-cultural studies in that it focuses on variance within countries first and then compares results between countries, while the great bulk of research looks at differences between means from one country or category to another. Accordingly, we use cluster analyses rather than analyses of variance or regressions as the major analytical tool. By generating comparable clusters of professionals in different countries, we obtain a novel view of the relationship between individual variables, cultural settings, and leadership. In each cultural setting sampled there is one cluster of personal values which is highly associated with managerial position, and particularly with upper management. These managerial clusters are similar in their overall profile, and are the smallest clusters in each of the three countries, suggesting a universalistic managerial personality like that identified by Miner over thirty years ago. At the same time, we find significant differences between countries in the absolute numerical levels of values held by managers and even greater differences in the levels of values which characterize their subordinates.

The nurse: relationship between leadership style, values and Quality of Work Life

“…It will also help to recognize the core values of others on the team, and this is knowledge that can be leveraged for the improvement of each worker to build a healthy work environment. empathy and sel ess service end up functioning as an instrument in the search to establish these bonds, engaging the team to consider the Quality of Work Life, and are necessary qualities in order to become a nurse (19)(20)(21) .…”

The nurse: relationship between leadership style, values and Quality of Work Life

“…Considering that values demonstrate the code by which a group operates, they are a way of seeing and understanding behaviour. In the group under study, empathy and sel ess service end up functioning as an instrument in the search to establish these bonds, engaging the team to consider the Quality of Work Life, and are necessary qualities in order to become a nurse (17)(18)(19) .…”

Influences of Foreign and Domestic Venture Capitalists on Internationalisation of Small Firms

“…In comparison to China, Brazil poses higher obstacles to doing business, as indicated by the countries overall position in the 'ease of doing business' rank published by the World Bank (2020a) (respectively, 31 st and 124 th ), although both countries have been among the top five destinations of foreign direct investment for more than 10 years (World Bank, 2020b). Besides, one might speculate that cultural differences between the two countries (Nelson, 2014) might lead to differences in the relationships between VCs and their portfolio firms.…”