Leadership inclusion theory: a grounded theory study on hotel executives

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a theory that explains how organizations can create a more inclusive atmosphere on the individual, organizational and societal levels. The consequences of an inclusive environment were subsequently developed and explored. Design/methodology/approach Constructivist grounded theory methods were used to collect and analyze data from interviews with 20 hotel executives and their company websites. Findings The findings of this study produced a theoretical framework for inclusion in hotel leadership, leadership inclusion theory (LIT). The LIT states organizations must address individual differences, organizational policies and culture and societal norms to develop an inclusive environment. Equity follows inclusion as the value for individual differences makes equitable treatment easier. Finally, diversity increases through increased inclusion and equity. Practical implications The LIT describes steps for managers to take to develop an inclusive environment, establish equitable practices and increase diversity within an organization. Social implications The LIT highlights several unintended exclusion practices and generational attitudes that are common among organizations. By making conscious efforts, managers can take deliberate actions to establish a perceived environment of equality. Originality/value The LIT is a seminal theory-building effort grounded in hospitality. It explains the when and why of several phenomena related to inequality in the hotel industry and how to overcome such imbalances.

Diversity and inclusion in hospitality and tourism: Guest editorial

“…Their results showcase that to fully embrace intricate frameworks like DEI practices within hospitality and tourism organizations, effective leadership with proactive initiative is essential. Russen et al (2023) develop a theory explaining how organizations can foster inclusivity at individual, organizational and societal levels. Using constructivist grounded theory methods based on data from interviews with 20 hotel executives and their company websites, they propose a "leadership inclusion theory" which asserts that organizations should address individual differences, organizational policies, culture and societal norms to establish inclusivity.…”

Perceived inclusion climate for leader diversity: conceptualization and scale development

“…While there have been calls for understanding the importance of diversity and inclusion among leaders for employees in the hospitality and tourism industry (Lee et al, 2023;Manoharan et al, 2021;Russen et al, 2023), the existing body of knowledge lacks comprehensive theoretical constructs and frameworks to propel research in this domain. Specifically, there are three glaring gaps in the literature.…”

“…, 2023; Manoharan et al. , 2021; Russen et al. , 2023), the existing body of knowledge lacks comprehensive theoretical constructs and frameworks to propel research in this domain.…”