Leadership in a school context: how leadership styles are associated with leadership outcomes

Abstract

Purpose: This paper aims at examining how principal leadership styles are associated with leadership outcomes in an Indonesian school context. Research Methodology: Survey data were collected using MLQ 5X-Short and a demographic questionnaire completed by 475 teachers in 36 junior high schools in the Province of Lampung, Indonesia. With the help of SPSS version 22, the collected data were initially analyzed using descriptive statistics and then Pearson product-moment correlation. Results: Results show that transformational and transactional leadership styles are positively and significantly associated with the leadership outcomes, but the laissez-faire leadership style is negatively and significantly associated with the leadership outcomes. Limitations: This paper used a quantitative research approach and is acknowledged for being limited to using the survey questionnaire so that it could not explain why and how principal leadership styles affect such leadership outcomes. Contribution: This paper theoretically and practically contributes to the body of knowledge, particularly concerning leadership styles and their outcomes. Keywords: School leadership, Leadership outcomes, Principal, teacher

Managerial Competencies and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria

“…Anoke, Osita, Okafor, and Agagbo (2021) noted that competencies vary depending on the type of business and management's orientation, company's core competencies, which can change with a variable such as time, location of the business, and other external factors that are beyond the control of the firm and or managers. Hariri (2020) noted that transformational and transactional leaders are positively and significantly linked to the productivity outcomes and organizational competency while the laissez-faire leaders affects the organization negatively depending on the structure and type of the organization. Chandler and Jansen (2019) argued that for managers to carry out creditably, competently, and effectively organizational role(s), they must have the ability to identify, recognize, distinguish, diagnose, and spot hidden business opportunities, take advantage of such opportunities for the overall interest of the organization.…”