Leader-chasing behavior in negative artificial triggered lightning flashes

Wang, Fukun; Wang, Jianguo; Li, Cai; Su, Rui; Ding, Weijia; Xu, Zhiling

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90940-x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The average velocity of stepped leader in this paper was 0.40 × 10 6 m/s, which was consistent with the conventional velocity of the stepped leader 14 – 17 . The leader step pattern can be described in the following sequence 17 : (1) the streamer area forms ahead of the leader tip, (2) the streamer area and the backward leader channel increase in luminosity, (3) the streamer area and the leader channel decrease in luminosity, (4) the streamer area reilluminates ahead of the leader tip, and (5) the reilluminated streamer area develops to a new leader tip and a new streamer area is emitted forward ahead of the new leader tip.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Two successive bidirectional leaders propagated in triggered lightning channel

Wang

et al. 2022

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A stepped leader propagated along the previous return-stroke channel in triggered lightning. After the stepped leader decayed, the first bidirectional leader went through the process of initiation, propagation and dissipation. Then the second bidirectional leader initiated at the termination of the decayed first bidirectional leader and propagated toward the ground, generating the fourth return-stroke. The observations were synchronously performed through a high-speed camera and electromagnetic field measurements. The first bidirectional leader was characterized by similar average upward and downward velocities of 0.76 × 106 m/s and 0.67 × 106 m/s. The velocity of the upward positive leader of the first bidirectional leader was noticeably fluctuated, ranging 0.39 × 106–1.78 × 106 m/s. The second bidirectional leader was characterized by a sustainable propagating upward end with an average velocity of 1.82 × 106 m/s. The velocity fluctuation trend of the upward end depends on the neutralization amount of the residual negative charge and the positive charge in UPL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Two successive bidirectional leaders propagated in triggered lightning channel

Wang

et al. 2022

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“…Figure 1 f shows Case 6 mentioned in 22 , where a multiple-bidirectional leader initiated the 4th RS of Flash E triggered at 09:12:47 (UTC), 30 June 2019. This leader is a multiple-bidirectional one whose propagation involves such a process that a bidirectional leader is initiated, or a unidirectional leader turns to be a bidirectional leader, more than once.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three types of bidirectional leader development in triggered lightning flashes

Wang

et al. 2023

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Eight cases of bidirectional leader (BL) development in artificially triggered lightning flashes are reported with synchronous high-speed camera images and electric field signals. Based on optical progressing characteristics, the eight cases can be divided into three types: a reflection type, a discontinuity type, and an inducement type. For the reflection type, the tail of a dart leader may begin to extend backward when the leader’s head reaches a branch point, or the top of the exploded triggering wire. For the discontinuity type, the initiation of a bidirectional leader below a decayed attempted leader may occur more than once preceding one return stroke. For the inducement type, the approach of another leader with the same polarity will turn a dart leader into a bidirectional leader. The reflection type and inducement type are first observed here. Two cases of the discontinuity type are observed, and both are multiple-bidirectional leaders observed for the first time. For the reflection type and inducement type, there are fluctuations in the electric field related to the BL development. The dissipation of the downward leader slows down the negative increase of the electric field. Once the BL development starts, the downward negative end of the BL moves towards the ground with the E-field negatively increasing. For the discontinuity type, the close electric field result shows no fluctuations. The BL development has a much longer duration than the other two BL types.

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