Lead tungstate PbWO4 crystals for high energy physics

Burachas, S. F.; Bondar, V. G.; Borodenko, Yu.A.; Katrunov, K.; Martinov, V. P.; Nagornaya, L.L.; Ryzhikov, V. D.; Тамулайтис, Г.; Gutbrod, H.H.; Manko, V.

doi:10.1016/s0022-0248(98)01237-8

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In recent years, lead tungstate (PbWO 4 , PWO) crystal has been chosen as a scintillation detector material for building the largest collider in CERN , (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) and has been used extensively in high energy physics and nuclear medicine imaging due to their outstanding properties such as high density, high radiation hardness, fast decay time, and rather low cost . The PWO crystal has a tetragonal structure and is anticipated to have evident anisotropy of physical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Heat and Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of PbWO₄Single Crystal Related to Its Crystal Orientation at (300 to 673) K

An¹,

Yang²,

Ren³

et al. 2011

J. Chem. Eng. Data

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lead tungstate (PbWO 4 , PWO) single crystal has been chosen as a new generation scintillation material. The specific heat and thermal diffusivity of PWO single crystal grown by the vertical Bridgman technique is investigated for the first time by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a laser flash technique at (300 to 673) K, respectively. The thermal conductivity is calculated, and it exhibits anisotropy with the values along the [100] axis (K x,y ) higher than that along the [001] axis (K z ), which is 2.40 W 3 m -1 3 K -1 and 2.00 W 3 m -1 3 K -1 at room temperature, respectively. Because of the heavier elements of the Pb atom, the PWO crystal has a higher degree of anharmonicity of lattice vibrations and thus has a smaller thermal conductivity than another scintillation material bismuth germanate (BGO).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Heat and Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of PbWO₄Single Crystal Related to Its Crystal Orientation at (300 to 673) K

An¹,

Yang²,

Ren³

et al. 2011

J. Chem. Eng. Data

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A big set of experimental data available by now convincingly testifies to a conclusion, that the formation of such PWO structure defects is decisively determined by technological conditions of the crystal production. The most important of these conditions, as formulated in [4], are: thermochemical stability of the melt, the evolution of the stoichiometric composition of the melt and the crystals during their growth, composition and pressure of the gaseous medium during growth and annealing of the crystals. The necessity to account for these factors is evident during the analysis of defect genesis and of absorption centres in PWO crystals and, as a consequence, of the mechanism of their radiation hardness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-stoichiometry defects and radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals PbWO4

Devitsin

Козлов

Potashov

et al. 2002

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been stated many times that the formation of radiation infringements in P bW O 4 is to big extent stipulated by non-stoichiometry defects of the crystals, arising in the process of their growth and annealing. To refine the idea of characteristics of non-stoichiometry defects and their effect on the radiation hardness of P bW O 4 the current study is aimed at the melt composition infringements during its evaporation and at optical transmission of crystals obtained in these conditions after their irradiation ( 137 Cs source). In the optical transmission measurements along with traditional techniques a method "in situ" was used, which provided the measurements in fixed points of the spectrum (380, 470 and 535 nm) directly in the process of the irradiation. X-ray phase and fluorescence analysis of condensation products of vapours over P bW O 4 melt has found P bW O 4 phase in their content as well as compounds rich in lead, P bO, P b 2 W O 5 , with overall ratio P b/W = 3.2. Correspondingly the lack of lead and variations in the content of oxygen are pointed out as the major growth defects of non-stoichiometry of P bW O 4 crystals. The oxygen variations are determined by the partial oxygen pressure in the atmosphere of growth or annealing of the crystals.The obtained results were compared with known conceptions of P bW O 4 crystal colour centres. The possibilities of the formation of these centres accounting for the discovered loss of lead and oxygen exchange between the external medium and the crystal were considered.

show abstract

“…This makes it possible to use them as radiation detectors for high energy physics (it covcern to PWO), in instruments for radiation and radioecological monitoring (BGO, CWO, GSO). The attainted results were published partly in the review paper [1] and articles [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]). Main parameters of these crystals are presented in the Table. Experimental and theoretical studies were carried out and technological equipment and accessories based on them were improved, technological processes of preparation and processing of large-sized crystals were developed for these oxide crystals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have also established the temperature range of thermochemical stability of PWO melt, in which crystals of high structural perfection could be obtained. The optimization of the growth conditions and the thermal treatment once allowed us to fabricate highly homogeneous and transparent PWO scintillation crystals with fast initial luminescence decay and minimized slow component [5,7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A method for measuring scintillation and background characteristics of these crystals was elaborated. Except scintillation characteristics optical, spectral-luminescent, kinetic ones and radiation stability of this oxide crystals were investigated [2,4,5]. On the base of studying these characteristics we have developed some kinds of detectors and instruments for radiation monitoring.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

http://journal-spqeo.org.ua/n2_2000/abstr233-236.htm

Burachas¹

2000

Semicond. Phys. Quantum Electron. Optoelectron.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lead tungstate PbWO4 crystals for high energy physics

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Specific Heat and Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of PbWO₄Single Crystal Related to Its Crystal Orientation at (300 to 673) K

Specific Heat and Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of PbWO₄Single Crystal Related to Its Crystal Orientation at (300 to 673) K

Non-stoichiometry defects and radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals PbWO4

http://journal-spqeo.org.ua/n2_2000/abstr233-236.htm

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Lead tungstate PbWO4 crystals for high energy physics

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Specific Heat and Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of PbWO4Single Crystal Related to Its Crystal Orientation at (300 to 673) K

Specific Heat and Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of PbWO4Single Crystal Related to Its Crystal Orientation at (300 to 673) K

Non-stoichiometry defects and radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals PbWO4

http://journal-spqeo.org.ua/n2_2000/abstr233-236.htm

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Specific Heat and Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of PbWO₄Single Crystal Related to Its Crystal Orientation at (300 to 673) K

Specific Heat and Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of PbWO₄Single Crystal Related to Its Crystal Orientation at (300 to 673) K