Lead Toxicosis in Mallard Ducks

Bates, Fern; Barnes, Donald L.; Higbee, Jared

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-4.4.116

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…It is clear from the reference values (Tables 1 and 2) that the values of Hb (9 g/100 ml) in lead poisoned mute swans reported by Simpson et al (1979) were indicative of anaemia. Similarly, the low Hct (25%) reported by Bates et al (1968), for lead poisoned Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (L) are similar to the values reported here for lead poisoned swans. However, as mentioned earlier, because of the large reference range for Hct, these values should be looked at critically before interpretation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Biochemical and haematological values for mute swans (cygnus olor): Effects of acute lead poisoning

O’Halloran

Duggan²,

Myers

1988

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYReference levels of some biochemical and haematological variables were determined for mute swans (Cygnus olor Gmelin). Immaturity was identified as a factor which broadened the references ranges. Blood variables of six acutely lead-poisoned swans weredetermined and compared with the reference distribution. Protoporphyrin IX, cholesterol and two serum enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase, were increased; concentrations of haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration indicated hypochromic anaemia in birds with acute lead poisoning. The interpretation and diagnostic value of reference values is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Biochemical and haematological values for mute swans (cygnus olor): Effects of acute lead poisoning

O’Halloran

Duggan²,

Myers

1988

Avian Pathology

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“…Lead exposure has long been proven to cause physiological, neurological, immunological and behavioral problems affecting waterfowl fitness and survival (Bates et al 1968;Rocke and Samuel 1991;Flint and Grand 1997;Eisler 2000;Franson and Pain 2011). However, most of this information stems from experimental studies under controlled conditions and extensive investigation of waterfowl mortality (Bono and Braca 1973;Clemens et al 1975;Zwank et al1985;Mateo et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…An experimental study in ducks exposed to lead showed a decline in white blood cells and spleen mass (Bates et al 1968;Rocke and Samuel 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) enzyme activity (Finley et al 1976;Scheuhammer 1987;Pain 1989), results in impaired heme synthesis, and consequently, anemia. Abnormalities in red cell morphology like hypocromasia (pallor indicating a lack of hemoglobin), anisocytosis (unequal size), poikilocytosis (abnormally shaped), polychromasia (variation in red cell coloration), decreased packed cell volume (PCV), and a high number of immature red blood cells can also be associated with lead-induced anemia (Bates et al 1968;Bono and Braca 1973;O'halloran et al 2008;Campbell 2012). In addition, developmental defects in the erythroid line in bone marrow were reported in experimental studies in ducks (Bates et al 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lead exposure affects health indices in free-ranging ducks in Argentina

et al. 2015

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Numerous experiments under controlled conditions and extensive investigation of waterfowl die-offs have demonstrated that exposure to lead from spent gunshot is highly detrimental to the health of waterfowl. However, few studies have focused on examining the more subtle sub-lethal effects of lead toxicity on ducks in non-experimental settings. In our study, the health of ducks exposed to varying amounts of lead under natural conditions was assessed by correlating individual lead exposure with relevant indices of health. Based on hunter-killed wild ducks in Argentina, we measured spleen mass, body condition, examined bone marrow smears, and determined Ca and P in bone tissue. In free-ranging live-trapped ducks we determined basic hematology and aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity. Using multivariate analyses, we found that, when controlling for the potential confounding effect of site type, year, duck species, body mass and age, lead levels in the liver were negatively associated with body condition and spleen mass. Spleen mass was also lower in ducks with higher lead levels in their bones. In live ducks, high blood lead levels were associated with low packed cell volume and red cell morphologic abnormalities. These findings suggest that, despite the lack of recorded lead-induced mortality in the region, lead exposure results in less conspicuous but still significant impacts on the health of ducks, which could have serious implications for their conservation. Moreover, this evidence further supports the need for urgently banning lead shot in the region.

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“…Numerous promegaloblastic-like cells with basophilic cytoplasm and fine chromatin network accumulate in the bone marrow. Maturation of these cells is arrested, and they are not released into the peripheral blood (Bates et al-: 1968). Basophilic-stippled erythrocytes are present in the peripheral blood, and the size and hemoglobin content of these cells are decreased (Johns, 1933).…”

Section: Effect Of Lead On Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on duck plague

Proctor

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Lead Toxicosis in Mallard Ducks

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemical and haematological values for mute swans (cygnus olor): Effects of acute lead poisoning

Biochemical and haematological values for mute swans (cygnus olor): Effects of acute lead poisoning

Lead exposure affects health indices in free-ranging ducks in Argentina

Studies on duck plague

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