Lead removal efficiency of various natural adsorbents (Moringa oleifera, Prosopis juliflora, peanut shell) from textile wastewater

Abstract

The present study deals with the class of natural adsorbents such as Moringa oleifera, Prosopis juliflora seeds and peanut shell for the removal of heavy metal (lead: Pb) from textile wastewater. The above adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscope to predict the functional groups and surface morphology. The effect of adsorbent dose, contact time, metal concentrations and pH on lead removal was studied in batch experiment and found that the maximum removal of lead was found to be 86.0%, 78.0% and 72.0% for M. oleifera, P. juliflora seeds and peanut shell, respectively. Langmuir isotherm best correlated to the experimental data for all three cases and 5.6 mg/g, 1.7 mg/g and 1.4 mg/g maximum adsorption capacity of lead was obtained for M. oleifera, peanut shell and P. juliflora, respectively. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics study revealed that pseudo-second-order kinetic model followed better correlation coefficient for M. oleifera (R 2 = 0.998), peanut shell (R 2 = 0.978) and P. juliflora (R 2 = 0.995).

A critical review with emphasis on recent pieces of evidence of Moringa oleifera biosorption in water and wastewater treatment

“… Reddy et al ( 2010b ) MOB 30.4 Langmuir The kinetic studies revealed that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Reddy et al ( 2011 ) MOS 29.6 Langmuir No indication of the mechanism in this work Marques et al ( 2012 ) MOS 412.3 Langmuir Physisorption nature Çelekli et al ( 2019 ) MOH 14.7 Langmuir/sips Physisorption nature (ΔH° < 40 kJ/mol) de Bezerra et al ( 2020 ) MOS 23.1 - No indication of the mechanism in this work but confirm the surface heterogeneity Araújo et al ( 2010a ) MOF 5.6 Langmuir No indication of the mechanism in this work Gautam et al ( 2020a ) MOB 25.2 Langmuir No indication of the mechanism in this work Mnisi and Ndibewu ( 2017 ) MOP and MOH 9.6 Langmuir No indication of the mechanism in this work Adebayo et al ( 2019 ) MOS 238 Langmuir SEM-EDX analysis confirmed an exchange of Mg(II) and K(I) for Cu(II) on MOS and the binding energy for the ion exchange mechanism is 8 to 9 kJ mol −1 Acheampong et al ( 2011 ) SMOS 90.3 % for 25 mg/L of methylene blue - At a pH value of 6.5, the carboxylic groups are deprotonated and are negatively charged. These negatively charged carboxylate ligands are likely to attract the cationic dye species.…”

“…Knowing that the Moringa is a miraculous tree native to the foothills of the Himalayas (northern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal) and Africa (Anwar et al 2007 ; Paliwal et al 2011). The perspective sorption properties of all parts (seeds, leaves, barks, and husk) of this plant have been proposed by multiple research groups for the sequestration of the notable hazardous and toxic heavy metal ions (e.g., Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II)) in wastewater (Reddy et al 2010a , b , 2012 ; Kebede et al 2018 ; Çelekli et al 2019 ; de Oliveira et al 2019 ; de Bezerra et al 2020 ; Gautam et al 2020a ). The metal ions have been declared as prioritized pollutants by many countries (Arora and Chauhan 2021 ).…”

“…Tables 2 and 3 demonstrate that the nature and intrinsic characteristics of MO leaves, seeds, and husks have an effect on biosorption; habitually, the researchers apply pretreatment processes to modify or affect some of their properties inherent in biomaterials in order to promote the biosorption process. According to these researchers, the pretreatment processes that have been frequently practiced by various research groups include grinding, boiling, autoclaving, and acid/alkali processing (Reddy et al 2010a , b , 2011 , 2012 ; Araújo et al 2010a ; Acheampong et al 2011 ; Marques et al 2012 ; Raj et al 2013 ; Mnisi and Ndibewu 2017 ; Adebayo et al 2019 ; Çelekli et al 2019 ; de Oliveira et al 2019 ; Gautam et al 2020a ).…”

Invasive plants as biosorbents for environmental remediation: a review

“…Taking advantage of available biomass sources, many studies have used them as green adsorbents for the removal of lead. Indeed, Gautam et al (2020) reported the good outcomes of lead adsorption with capacity (1.4-5.6 mg/g) and efficiency (72-86%) at pH 6.0 using the above biosorbents. However, their adsorption performance was generally low, and the reusable property was not reported yet.…”

Mechanistic understanding of the pollutant removal and transformation processes in the constructed wetland system

“…The dead leaves of tall fescue which contribute 12.6%–16% of the total shoot biomass significantly removed 73.4%–87.2% of total Cd in wastewater. Biosorbent through macrophytes species, such as Phragmites australis (Bianchi et al, 2021; Southichak et al, 2006), Juncus effuses (Ladislas et al, 2015), Carex riparia (Ladislas et al, 2015), Melocanna baccifera (Lalhruaitluanga et al, 2010), and Moringa oleifera (Gautam et al, 2020) were also studied and reported by scientific community. Bianchi et al (2021) investigated the role of reed biomass as a biosorbent material for the removal of Fe, Cu, and Zn from industrial wastewater.…”