Lead Remediation Using Smart Materials. A Review

Abstract

The nanoparticles have been prepared and employed as excellent adsorbents for the sequestration of heavy metal ions and hazardous impurities from the aqueous media. The surface morphological, textural and structural properties of nanoparticles have been modified, which are capable and potentially useful for the remediation of metal ions. Several metals (oxides, doped, nanocomposites of Fe, Ti, Zn, SiO2, SiC, Mo, Co, Ni, Zr, Mn, Si, S, Al, Cu, Ce, graphene, CNTs) were reported an efficient adsorbents for the removal of lead (Pb) ions from aqueous media and polluted water. The present review focuses on different kinds of nanoparticles such as metal oxides, carbon based and host supported employed for removal of Pb ions under varying experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, contact time and concentrations. The preparation strategies, physicochemical properties and adsorption are also discussed. Based on studies, it was found that the smart materials are affective adsorbents for the purification of wastewater containing Pb ions and could possibly extended for the remediation of other heavy metal ions.

Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Effluents by TiO2 and ZnO Nanomaterials

“…The major proportion of lead (Pb) in water arises from hydrocarbon, steel, and battery industry wastes. Pb can accumulate in muscles, brain, bones, and kidney, causing hypertension, kidney, and brain damage [17, 18]. Cadmium (Cd) is mainly produced by the cement and ceramic production, battery industries, metallurgy, and pigments.…”

Facile synthesis of zero valent iron and photocatalytic application for the degradation of dyes

“…As it is clear from the color removal response of both dyes that the color removal rate was very fast initially and most of the AG25 degraded within first 30 min and AR1 within 60 min followed by slow color removal rate. This color removal behavior of AG25 and AR1 could be explained on the basis of easy adsorption of dye molecule [44][45][46] on Fe 0 surface initially because of the strong adsorption and reduction ability of ZVI. At a later stage, the reduction in the color removal rate might be due to corrosion product formation, which are responsible for active sites deactivation on Fe 0 surface (equations (17)- (19)) and resultantly, the color removal capacity of ZVI decreased [28].…”

Study of Synthesis and Performance of Clay and Clay-Manganese Monoliths for Mercury Ion Removal from Water

“…Metal oxides such as zinc oxides (ZnO), aluminum oxides (Al2O3), cerium oxides (CeO2), and manganese oxides (MnO2) have recently been widely exploited as extremely effective adsorbents for extracting heavy metal contaminants from sewage water [25,26]. Because of its superior adsorption capability and good selectivity, MnO2 is regarded as a viable choice for pollution removal.…”