Lead Poisoning-Part II: Effects and Assay

Philip, Abraham T.; Gerson, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30373-1

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…If, as a result of lead toxicity, the enzyme is inhibited and its pathway is interrupted, or if adequate iron is not available, zinc is substituted for iron, and zinc protoporphyrin concentrations increase. The critical target, however, seems to be the enzyme's heme synthesis, essential for the insertion of iron into the precursor, protoporphyrin IX [32,33]. The major consequences of this effect, which have been evaluated in both adults and children, are reduction of circulating levels of haemoglobin and the inhibition of cytochrome P 450-dependent phase I metabolism [32].…”

Section: Effects Of Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of more recent cross-sectional and prospective studies indicate that postnatal lead exposure resulting in blood levels as low as 25 µg/dl, and probably lower, are also associated with deficits in intellectual attainment, achievement, and affect behaviour. Impaired hearing has been observed at blood concentrations of 10 to 20 µg/dl [29,33]. Peripheral neuropathy, on the other hand, is the most common manifestation among adults with occupational lead exposure, but it is rarely seen in children except for those with sickle cell disease.…”

Section: Effects Of Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead-induced neuropathy on the radial and peroneal nerve in adult lead toxicity results in the characteristic "wrist drop" and "foot drop". Gastrointestinal colic is caused by high lead exposure and may be associated with lead neuropathy [29,33,34].…”

Section: Effects Of Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review on paediatric lead toxicity

R¹,

Sethu²

2017

Int j curr adv res

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Section: Effects Of Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review on paediatric lead toxicity

R¹,

Sethu²

2017

Int j curr adv res

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“…A three-compartment model of human lead metabolism and exchange developed by Rabinowitz et al illustrates the mean lifetime exposure of lead within soft tissue, blood, and bone [10]. Over time, bone serves as the largest volume for lead distribution with a total burden as high as 90-95% by adulthood [11]. Despite the more prominent presence of lead within bone compared to any other part of the body, the effects of lead on bone have not been extensively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone lead (Pb) content at the tibia is associated with thinner distal tibia cortices and lower volumetric bone density in postmenopausal women

Wong

Beattie

Bhargava

et al. 2015

Bone

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Conflicting evidence suggests that bone lead or blood lead may reduce areal bone mineral density (BMD). Little is known about how lead at either compartment affects bone structure. This study examined postmenopausal women (N = 38, mean age 76 ± 8, body mass index (BMI): 26.74 ± 4.26 kg/m 2 ) within the Hamilton cohort of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos), measuring bone lead at 66% of the non-dominant leg and at the calcaneus using 109 Cadmium X-ray fluorescence. Volumetric BMD and structural parameters were obtained from peripheral quantitative computed tomography images (200 μm in-plane resolution, 2.3 ± 0.5 mm slice thickness) of the same 66% site and of the distal 4% site of the tibia length. Blood lead was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and blood-to-bone lead partition coefficients (P BB , log ratio) were computed. Multivariable linear regression examined each of bone lead at the 66% tibia, calcaneus, blood lead and P BB as related to each of volumetric BMD and structural parameters, adjusting for age and BMI, diabetes or antiresorptive therapy. Regression coefficients were reported along with 95% confidence intervals. Higher amounts of bone lead at the tibia were associated with thinner distal tibia cortices (−0.972 (−1.882, −0.061) per 100 μg Pb/g of bone mineral) and integral volumetric BMD (−3.05 (−6.05, −0.05) per μg Pb/g of bone mineral). A higher P BB was associated with larger trabecular separation (0.115 (0.053, 0.178)), lower trabecular volumetric BMD (−26.83 (−50.37, −3.29)) and trabecular number (−0.08 (−0.14, −0.02)), per 100 μg Pb/g of bone mineral after adjusting for age and BMI, and remained significant while accounting for diabetes or use of antiresorptives. Total lead exposure activities 8.29 (0.11, 16.48)) and remained significant after age and antiresorptives-adjustment. Lead accumulated in bone can have a mild insult on bone structure; but greater partitioning of lead in blood versus bone revealed more dramatic effects on both microstructure and volumetric BMD.

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“…There is a general correlation between toxic effects of lead and BLL. New data implicate that lower blood lead levels, previously considered normal, can cause cognitive dysfunction, neurobehavioral disorders, different neurological damages, hypertension and renal impairment [3][4][5][6] . Toxicity of petrol is usually associated with inhalation of vapor leading to dysfunction of the central nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme gastric dilation caused by chronic lead poisoning: A case report

Begovic¹,

Nozic²,

Kupresanin³

et al. 2008

WJG

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Lead is a toxic metal that affects many organ systems and functions in humans. In the majority of adults, chronic lead poisoning comes from exposures to work places and can occur in numerous work settings, such as manufacturing, lead smelting and refinement, or due to use of batteries, pigments, solder, ammunitions, paint, car radiators, cable and wires, certain cosmetics. In some countries, lead is added to petrol. We present a rare case of gastric dilation caused by long-term petrol ingestion. A 16-year-old young man was admitted to our hospital due to a 6-mo history of exhaustion, dizziness, nausea, abdominal cramps and constipation. X-ray examination revealed dilated stomach descending into the pelvis and small bowel distension. After a long clinical observation, we found that the reason for the chronic lead poisoning of the patient was due to a 3-year history of petrol ingestion. The patient spontaneously recovered and stomach returned to its normal position and size. Lead poisoning should be taken into consideration in all unexplained cases of gastric dilation.

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Lead Poisoning-Part II: Effects and Assay

Cited by 20 publications

References 74 publications

A review on paediatric lead toxicity

A review on paediatric lead toxicity

Bone lead (Pb) content at the tibia is associated with thinner distal tibia cortices and lower volumetric bone density in postmenopausal women

Extreme gastric dilation caused by chronic lead poisoning: A case report

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