Lead (Pb) and neurodevelopment: A review on exposure and biomarkers of effect (BDNF, HDL) and susceptibility

Gundacker, Claudia; Forsthuber, Martin; Szigeti, Tamás; Kakucs, Réka; Mustieles, Vicente; Fernández, Mariana F.; Bengtsen, Elizabeth; Vogel, Ulla; Hougaard, Karin Sørig; Saber, Anne Thoustrup

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113855

Cited by 62 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Lead can disrupt the development of the blood–brain barrier, pass through it, and finally reach the brain of the fetus ( Wang et al, 2007 ). Even after birth, children are exposed to lead via various routes, including breastfeeding ( Gundacker et al, 2021 ) and ingestion from external sources, such as the paints on the toys or the soil outside the house ( Watt et al, 1993 ). These early-life exposures to lead can promote oxidative stress in the nervous systems of children, which is known to impair children’s brain development and cause cognitive deficits and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ( Ijomone et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal lead exposure induces sex-dependent cerebellar glial alterations and repetitive behaviors

Choi

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Lead (Pb) is one of the most prevalent heavy metals we encounter daily. Although there are many reports regarding their toxic effects on humans, the effects of exposure to low lead concentrations throughout the pregnancy period on the offspring are not fully elucidated yet. This study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms that occur in response to lead exposure. To this end, we administered lead-containing water to pregnant mice from the day of conception till delivery or till day 28 postnatally. Furthermore, we performed neurodevelopmental disorder-related behavior tests and RNA-sequencing analysis. We used both genders for all experiments because neurodevelopmental disorders usually show several sex-dependent differences. The results revealed increased levels of gliosis in the cerebella of lead-exposed pups compared to those in littermates belonging to the control group. Additionally, we observed altered behaviors of male mice in the autism spectrum disorder-related tests. RNA-sequencing results revealed changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling in the lead-exposed mouse model. Specifically, the lead-exposed male mice showed decreased monoamine oxidase B and increased levels of diamine oxidase enzyme, which is related to the synthesis of GABA in astrocytes. These findings demonstrate sex-dependent basal developmental changes in glial cells and an increased prevalence of autistic-like behaviors in the young pups of mothers exposed to lead during pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal lead exposure induces sex-dependent cerebellar glial alterations and repetitive behaviors

Choi

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…Lead, as one of the common heavy metals, widely exists in our living environment and can enter the human body in many forms, such as drinking water, air, food, and daily necessities (2). Lead can also cause damage to many systems of the human body, among which hematopoietic, nervous, circulatory, and urinary systems are more sensitive to lead toxicity (3)(4)(5). Children and adolescents are at the stage of growth and development, with strong absorption capacity and low elimination rates of lead, and are more vulnerable to lead toxicity during these ages (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum folate concentrations and blood lead levels in adolescents: A cross-sectional study

Zhang²,

Li³

2022

Front. Pediatr.

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As a heavy metal, lead is a common toxic agent. Its accumulation in the body is harmful to physical health, particularly in children and adolescents. Studies have reported that folate may play a protective role in lead exposure. An association between serum folate concentrations (SFC) and blood lead levels (BLL) has been documented in adults, but studies in adolescents are limited. This study investigated the relationship between SFC and BLL in American adolescents. This cross-sectional study collected relevant data on both SFC and BLL of 5,195 adolescents in the NHANES database from 2007 to 2018. Multivariable linear regressions and smooth curve fittings were adopted to evaluate the correlation between BLL and SFC. After adjusting potential confounders, we found negative relationships between BLL and SFC [β = −0.0041 (−0.0063, −0.0019)], and the associations were significant in non-Hispanic Whites, Mexican Americans, and other races but not significant in non-Hispanic blacks (P = 0.139). Furthermore, the negative trends were significant in adolescents aged 16–19 years and females aged 12–15 years but insignificant in males aged 12–15 years (P = 0.172). Therefore, these findings provide a basis for future research on the mechanism of folate in regulating blood lead levels.

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“…High exposure to these metals has negative effects on human health. Thus the excess Cd can damage kidneys, while the excess Pb can affect the neurodevelopment in children (Satarug, 2018;Gundacker et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of cadmium and lead in organic and conventional root and tuber vegetables from the Serbian market

Savić

2022

J AGR SCI BELGRADE

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Global organic agriculture and consumption of organic food has continuously increased over the past decades. The aim of the research was to determine and compare cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in organic and conventional root and tuber vegetables from the Serbian market. Samples of three root and tuber vegetables commonly consumed in Serbia, including potatoes, carrots and beetroots, were collected at two green markets and four supermarkets in the territory of the city of Belgrade, Serbia. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in fresh weight were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in two types of vegetables were compared by the t-test. Cd and Pb concentrations in both types of vegetables were below allowable limits. Potato mean Cd concentration was significantly lower in the organic than in the conventional type (0.021 mg kg-1 and 0.037 mg kg-1, respectively). In carrots, it was the opposite, Cd concentration was higher in the organic type, but the difference was not significant either between the two types or for beetroots. Results indicated lower Pb levels in organic potatoes and beetroots, and higher Pb levels in organic carrots, but differences between means were not significant in all tested vegetables. Obtained results are not conclusive, but they indicate lower or similar concentrations of both metals in organic vegetables in comparison to conventional types.

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Lead (Pb) and neurodevelopment: A review on exposure and biomarkers of effect (BDNF, HDL) and susceptibility

Cited by 62 publications

References 166 publications

Maternal lead exposure induces sex-dependent cerebellar glial alterations and repetitive behaviors

Maternal lead exposure induces sex-dependent cerebellar glial alterations and repetitive behaviors

Association between serum folate concentrations and blood lead levels in adolescents: A cross-sectional study

The assessment of cadmium and lead in organic and conventional root and tuber vegetables from the Serbian market

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