Lead Oxide Enveloped in N-Doped Graphene Oxide Composites for Enhanced High-Rate Partial-State-of-Charge Performance of Lead-Acid Battery

Abstract

Lead oxide/graphene oxide composites are prepared by a pyrolysis method followed by ultrasound pickling treatment to improve the high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) performance of lead-acid battery for hybrid-electric vehicles. Employing this composite in the negative plate can effectively alleviate the aggregation of PbSO4 crystals and accelerate the redox processes of lead species; the plate-specific capacitance and HRPSoC cycle life of lead-acid battery are thus significantly enhanced with the good inhibition of the hydrogen evolution process. The fewer carboxyl groups on N-doped graphene oxide and the undissolved lead oxide nanoparticles are considered to contribute to the enhanced cycle life performance. As a result, this lead oxide/graphene oxide composite holds potential application in the negative plate of lead-acid battery with high capacitance and long cycle life.

Increasing the oxygen-containing functional groups of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes to improve high-rate-partial-state-of-charge performance

“…XPS measurements are also performed to analyze the change of chemical composition with refluxing time. 41 In Fig. 2A II , the XPS spectrum contain O (1.4%) and C (98.6%).…”

Metal‐organic frameworks‐derived novel nanostructured electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

“…Hence, it is essential to find the cheaper alternatives that are more common, highly active, and stable 13 . In doing so, a key strategy to retrieve high‐performance OER catalysts hinges upon the availability of electrode materials, including carbon‐based nanomaterials, graphene, and metal oxides/selenides/sulfides 14–24 . Thus far, the scientific community is increasingly interested in porous nanostructure‐based electrode materials, given their high surface‐to‐volume ratio, large and well‐defined pore structure, and even distribution of available active sites.…”

“…13 In doing so, a key strategy to retrieve high-performance OER catalysts hinges upon the availability of electrode materials, including carbon-based nanomaterials, graphene, and metal oxides/selenides/sulfides. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Thus far, the scientific community is increasingly interested in porous nanostructure-based electrode materials, given their high surface-to-volume ratio, large and well-defined pore structure, and even distribution of available active sites. Nanomaterials with the aforementioned properties are able to accelerate electron transfer and facilitate the mass transport of reactants.…”

Nanoconfinement and Interfacial Effect of Pb Nanoparticles into Nanoporous Carbon as a Longer-Lifespan Negative Electrode Material for Hybrid Lead–Carbon Battery

“…Lead–carbon battery systems have attracted considerable attention among different types of energy storage systems because of low manufacturing costs and stable performances under the high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) condition during long-term cyclic operations. − The lead–carbon battery is an invention that can alter and overcome the issues in conventional lead–acid battery systems. In the lead–acid battery, the formation of larger crystallization of PbSO 4 in the negative electrode is one of the major concerns during long-term operations, which affects the cycle life performances of the battery.…”

“…There have been several attempts in recent times to develop advanced and composite structures of carbon with Pb using numerous techniques for improving the battery performance. ,− Some recent works demonstrated that the performance of the lead–carbon battery has been significantly enhanced using nanosized lead electrodeposits on the internal surface of porous carbon with and without graphite additives by milling. , The insertion of lead particles into porous carbon and the addition of graphite have controlled the formation and aggregation of large-sized PbSO 4 during cyclic performances, which leads to an improved performance. Blecua et al investigated the influences of different carbons and lignosulfonates as additives in the active material on the negative electrode of the 2 V/1 Ah battery .…”