Lead in Tissues of Deseased Lead Smelter Workers

Gerhardsson, Lars; Englyst, Vagn; Lundström, Nils-Göran; Nordberg, Gunnar F.; Sandberg, Susanne; Steinvall, F.

doi:10.1016/s0946-672x(11)80037-4

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Lead has been shown to pass the bloodbrain barrier, 22 which may result in elevated lead levels in brain tissue. 23 Lead is thought to play a facilitative role in carcinogenesis, involving inhibition of DNA synthesis and repair, oxidative damage and interaction with DNA-binding proteins and tumor suppressor proteins. 2,24,25 Additionally, brain tissues are reported to be relatively susceptible to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, 17 suggesting that the brain may be sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of lead.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain cancer mortality and potential occupational exposure to lead: Findings from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, 1979–1989

Wijngaarden

Dosemeci

2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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We evaluated the association between potential occupational lead exposure and the risk of brain cancer mortality in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS), which is a prospective census-based cohort study of mortality among the noninstitutionalized United States population (1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989). The present study was limited to individuals for whom occupation and industry were available (n 5 317,968). Estimates of probability and intensity of lead exposure were assigned using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). Risk estimates for the impact of lead on brain cancer mortality were computed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and proportional hazards and Poisson regression techniques, adjusting for the effects of age, gender and several other covariates. Brain cancer mortality rates were greater among individuals in jobs potentially involving lead exposure as compared to those unexposed (age-and gender-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 5 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5 0.9-2.3) with indications of an exposure-response trend (probability: low HR 5 0.7 (95% CI 5 0.2-2.2), medium HR 5 1.4 (95% CI 5 0.8-2.5), high HR 5 2.2 (95% CI 5 1.2-4.0); intensity: low HR 5 1.2 (95% CI 5 0.7-2.1), medium/high HR 5 1.9 (95% CI 5 1.0-3.4)). Brain cancer risk was greatest among individuals with the highest levels of probability and intensity (HR 5 2.3; 95% CI 5 1.3-4.2). These findings provide further support for an association between occupational lead exposure and brain cancer mortality, but need to be interpreted cautiously due to the consideration of brain cancer as one disease entity and the absence of biological measures of lead exposure. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain cancer mortality and potential occupational exposure to lead: Findings from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, 1979–1989

Wijngaarden

Dosemeci

2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…The highest soft tissue concentrations in adults also occur in liver and kidney cortex (Barry 1975;Gerhardsson et al 1986aGerhardsson et al , 1995bGross et al 1975;Oldereid et al 1993). The relative distribution of lead in soft tissues, in males and females, expressed in terms of tissue:liver concentration ratios, were: liver, 1.0 (approximately 1 μg/g wet weight); kidney cortex, 0.8; kidney medulla, 0.5; pancreas, 0.4; ovary, 0.4; spleen, 0.3; (Barry 1975;Gross et al 1975).…”

Section: Lead In Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead is incorporated into human hair and hair roots (Bos et al 1985;) and has been explored as a possibly noninvasive approach for estimating lead body burden (Gerhardsson et al 1995b;Wilhelm et al 1989). The method is subject to error from contamination of the surface with environmental lead and contaminants in artificial hair treatments (i.e., dyeing, bleaching, permanents) and is a relatively poor predictor of PbB, particularly at low concentrations (<12 μg/dL) (Campbell and Toribara 2001;Drasch et al 1997;Esteban et al 1999).…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, levels of lead in hair were positively correlated with children's classroom attention deficit behavior in a study (Tuthill 1996). Lead in hair was correlated with liver and kidney lead in a study of deceased smelter workers (Gerhardsson et al 1995b). Nail lead has also been utilized as a marker (Gerhardsson et al 1995b).…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead in hair was correlated with liver and kidney lead in a study of deceased smelter workers (Gerhardsson et al 1995b). Nail lead has also been utilized as a marker (Gerhardsson et al 1995b). …”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lead concentration in feces and urine of exposed rats by x‐ray fluorescence and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

et al. 2011

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Measurements made in feces and urine of Wistar rats exposed to lead acetate (n = 20) in drinking water since the fetal period were compared with those obtained from a control group (n = 20) in order to assess the age influence on Pb excretion. The measurements were made in different collections of rats aging between 1 and 11 months. To determine the Pb content of the samples, total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) were used for the urine samples and energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used for the feces.The results show high concentrations of Pb being eliminated from the organism by urine and feces in contaminated rats. Values vary from (600 ± 140) µg l−1 to (5 460 ± 115) µg l−1 in urine and from (4 500 ± 300) µg g−1 to (11 400 ± 3 300) µg g−1 in dry feces. The control rats show, in general, low lead concentrations or below detection limits. The fecal/urinary ratio was studied. It was shown to be about three to four orders of magnitude and positively correlated with time. It was verified in feces and urine that excretion decreases with the animal age and that this decrease is made by different levels of excretion. The excretions of Pb in urine and in feces are positively correlated.A good agreement was found between the results obtained with TXRF and ETAAS for urine samples. This work also stresses the suitability of these techniques in the study of Pb intoxication. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Lead in Tissues of Deseased Lead Smelter Workers

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Brain cancer mortality and potential occupational exposure to lead: Findings from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, 1979–1989

Brain cancer mortality and potential occupational exposure to lead: Findings from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, 1979–1989

Characterizing Golden Eagle Risk to Lead and Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure: A Review

Lead concentration in feces and urine of exposed rats by x‐ray fluorescence and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

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