Lead in Enamel and Saliva, Dental Caries and the Use of Enamel Biopsies for Measuring Past Exposure to Lead

Brudevold, F.; Aasenden, R.; Srinivasian, B.N.; Bakhos, Y.

doi:10.1177/00220345770560100701

Cited by 86 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the rat, increased maternal lead exposure produces a decrease in stimulated parotid function, suggesting salivary hypofunction, and a concomitant increase in dental caries in offspring (Watson et al 1997). An association between increased lead levels and increased caries prevalence has been reported in several epidemiologic studies (Brudevold et al 1977;Gil et al 1994Gil et al , 1996Moss et al 1999). In a study of 251 children 9-12 years old, Brudevold et al (1977) found that children with higher levels of enamel lead had more caries than did children with lower enamel lead levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Blood lead level and dental caries in school-age children.

Gemmel

Tavares

Alperin

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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The association between blood lead level and dental caries was evaluated in cross-sectional analyses of baseline data for 543 children 6-10 years old screened for enrollment in the Children's Amalgam Trial, a study designed to assess potential health effects of mercury in silver fillings. Approximately half of the children were recruited from an urban setting (Boston/Cambridge, MA, USA) and approximately half from a rural setting (Farmington, ME, USA). Mean blood lead level was significantly greater among the urban subgroup, as was the mean number of carious tooth surfaces. Blood lead level was positively associated with number of caries among urban children, even with adjustment for demographic and maternal factors and child dental practices. This association was stronger in primary than in permanent dentition and stronger for occlusal, lingual, and buccal tooth surfaces than for mesial or distal surfaces. In general, blood lead was not associated with caries in the rural subgroup. The difference between the strength of the associations in the urban and rural settings might reflect the presence of residual confounding in the former setting, the presence of greater variability in the latter setting in terms of important caries risk factors (e.g., fluoride exposure), or greater exposure misclassification in the rural setting. These findings add to the evidence supporting a weak association between children's lead exposure and caries prevalence. A biologic mechanism for lead cariogenicity has not been identified, however. Our data are also consistent with residual confounding by factors associated with both elevated lead exposure and dental caries.

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mentioning

confidence: 83%

Blood lead level and dental caries in school-age children.

Gemmel

Tavares

Alperin

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Strontium is incorporated into enamel and primary dentine during mineralisation of the two tissues and neither tissue reforms nor remodels (Brudevold et al 1977, Veis 1989. Thus, the strontium isotope ratio and concentration will derive from those circulating in the plasma during the period of mineralisation, irrespective of the age of death of the human under investigation (Koch et al 1997, Underwood 1977, Wieser et al 1996.…”

Section: What Time Of Life Does Enamel Represent?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Passports from the past: Investigating human dispersals using strontium isotope analysis of tooth enamel

Montgomery

2010

Annals of Human Biology

279

261

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractStrontium isotopes are a powerful tool which provide information about provenance directly from the tissues of humans rather than the grave context and burial goods.Geographical variation in strontium isotopes is primarily controlled by the underlying geology but there are many other factors that need to be considered before migratory individuals can be identified. Consequently, despite many studies which have shown that the method works well, it is clear that much remains to be clarified and it will not work for every question or in every place. It rests on the assumption that people were sourcing their food locally and that there is a measurable strontium isotope difference between the place the person migrated from and the place they migrated to. As migrants may deliberately seek out familiar soil types and terrains in their new homeland, some questions surrounding major migration events may prove intractable for this technique. Other factors that can create heterogeneity or homogeneity leading to false positives or false negatives, such as human choices or coastal subsistence, are explored and the metabolism of strontium into human tooth enamel is discussed.Several models of land use choices by humans are presented to highlight the subtleties inherent in the isotope data and these are used to interpret archaeological human isotope ratios from three studies.

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“…In contrast, lead is removed from bone tissue at a constant and extremely slow rate [23]. For this reason time integrals of body burdens of lead may well be diagnosed by determination of the lead content in bones and teeth [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], whereas momentary body burdens of lead should be derived rather from analyses of biochemical factors [32][33][34]. When lead ions are injected in the form of lead acetate, they not only interact with the calcified tissues [35,36], but they also induce ectopic calcification [37,38].…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice parameters and cation distribution of solid solutions of calcium and lead hydroxyapatite

Verbeeck

Lassuyt

Heijligers³

et al. 1981

Calcif Tissue Int

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Summary. Solid solutions of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaOHA) and lead hydroxyapatite (PbOHA) of the formula Ca,0.x Pbx (PO4)6 (OH)2 were prepared by coprecipitation followed by heating at 800~ in a stream of CO2-free water vapor of 1 atm. The samples were apatitic in the range 0 < x < 6 and contained lead phosphates as a second phase at higher Pb/Ca ratios. Lattice parameters and cation distribution of the apatitic samples were determined by X-ray diffraction. The lattice parameters varied linearly with x in the range considered, whereas all Pb 2+ were located in the sixfold position for cations. There was a miscibility gap in the apatite series of solid solutions in the range 1 < x < 4, whereas apatites in the range 6 < x < 10 were not stable under the conditions of preparation. It is concluded that apatites in the range 4 < x < 6 represent a minimum in the free energy of solid solutions between CaOHA and PbOHA.

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Lead in Enamel and Saliva, Dental Caries and the Use of Enamel Biopsies for Measuring Past Exposure to Lead

Cited by 86 publications

References 18 publications

Blood lead level and dental caries in school-age children.

Blood lead level and dental caries in school-age children.

Passports from the past: Investigating human dispersals using strontium isotope analysis of tooth enamel

Lattice parameters and cation distribution of solid solutions of calcium and lead hydroxyapatite

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