Lead in candle emissions

Wasson, Shirley J.; Guo, Zhishi; McBrian, Jenia A; Beach, Laura O.

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00072-4

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As a source of indoor contamination, the impact of candle burning on human health cannot be ignored. In fact the generation of particles by candle combustion has been noted by previous studies (Fan & Zhang, 2001;Kuhn et al, 2005), and some hazardous material such as aldehyde, lead and other organic compounds were detected from candle smoke (Fine, Cass, & Simoneit, 1999;Nriagu JO, 2000;Wasson, Jenia, McBrian, & Beach, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Studies on the size distribution, number and mass emission factors of candle particles characterized by modes of burning

Sun

Huang

Wang

2006

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Studies on the size distribution, number and mass emission factors of candle particles characterized by modes of burning

Sun

Huang

Wang

2006

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…Indoor lead has been attributed to burning of incense sticks [ 43 ] and candles. Lead is used as a stiffening agent in the core of candle wicks to help it stay out of the molten wax resulting in its emission and deposition on indoor furniture [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Sources and Patterns of Elemental Composition of PM2.5 at Three Low-Income Neighborhood Schools and Residences in Quito, Ecuador

Raysoni

Armijos

Weigel

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Elemental characterization of fine particulate matter was undertaken at schools and residences in three low income neighborhoods in Quito, Ecuador. The three zones were located in the northern (Cotocollao), south central (El Camal), and south east (Los Chillos) neighborhoods and were classified as zones 1–3, respectively. Forty elements were quantified via ICP-MS analysis. Amongst the geogenic elements, the concentration of Si was the most abundant followed by S, Al, and Ca. Elements with predominantly anthropogenic sources such as Zn, V, and Ni were higher in zone 3 school followed by zone 2 and zone 1 schools. Enrichment factors were calculated to study the role of crustal sources in the elemental concentrations. Geogenic elements, except K, all had values <10 and anthropogenic elements such as Ni, V, Zn, Pb, As, Cr had >10. Principal Component Analysis suggested that Ni and V concentrations were strongly attributable to pet coke and heavy oil combustion. Strong associations between As and Pb could be attributed to traffic and other industrial emissions. Resuspended dust, soil erosion, vehicular emissions (tailpipe, brake and tire wear, and engine abrasion), pet coke, heavy oil combustion, and heavy industrial operations were major contributors to air pollution.

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“…Concerns in addition to fuel- combustion products are wicks made with lead cores as a stiffening agent 8 and lantern mantles made with radioactive thorium, neither of which are accompanied with safety warnings or disposal instructions when sold in the developing world. Burning candle wicks have been shown to yield indoor concentrations of lead above ambient air standards and workplace standards (Wasson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Indoor Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and reducing the health and safety impacts of fuel-based lighting

Mills

2016

Energy for Sustainable Development

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The inequity of costly and low-quality fuel-based lighting is compounded by adverse health and safety risks including burns, indoor air pollution, poisoning due to accidental ingestion of kerosene fuel by children, compromised visual health, maternal health issues, and reduced service in health facilities illuminated solely or sporadically with fuel-based lighting. This article compiles and synthesizes information on the health and safety impacts of fuel-based lighting from 135 reports spanning 33 countries. Energy efficient, off-grid lighting solutions offer the most promising and scalable means to eliminate adverse health outcomes, while lowering lighting costs and reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. Deployments seeking the greatest possible health benefit should target the most impacted geographical and demographic user groups. Because women and children are disproportionately impacted, improved lighting technologies for use by these groups will yield particularly significant health benefits.

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Lead in candle emissions

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Studies on the size distribution, number and mass emission factors of candle particles characterized by modes of burning

Studies on the size distribution, number and mass emission factors of candle particles characterized by modes of burning

Evaluation of Sources and Patterns of Elemental Composition of PM2.5 at Three Low-Income Neighborhood Schools and Residences in Quito, Ecuador

Identifying and reducing the health and safety impacts of fuel-based lighting

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