Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots for Photovoltaics and Photocatalysis: A Review

Abstract

Lead halide-based perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have recently emerged as an important class of nanocrystal (NC) materials for optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical applications. Thanks to their intriguing features including tunable band gap, narrow emission, high charge carrier mobility, remarkable light-absorbing factors, and long charge diffusion length, there has been a surge in research on lead halide-based PQDs and their applications. In this review, we showcase the fundamentals of PQDs and two principal applications including PQD solar cells (PQDSCs) and photocatalytic conversion. First, a thorough discussion on PQDSCs, their structure, surface treatment, and interface engineering along with their recent progress are presented. It is highlighted that the improvement of the efficiency of PQDSCs from below 10% to beyond 16% in a matter of a few years has turned them into promising candidates for future SC applications. Subsequently, the application of PQDs in photocatalytic reactions such as hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, and organic compounds’ degradation is summarized. Not to mention that, despite the remarkable properties of PQDs in SCs and photocatalysis, the inferior stability of PV devices based thereon under operation as well as their poor tolerance under air, water, light, and heat impede their widespread application. For this, the practical efforts and possible solutions are extensively addressed. Finally, an outlook is provided, addressing further merits, and demerits of each application as well as prospective opportunities.

Structural Study of Paraffin-Stabilized Methylammonium Lead Bromide Magic-Sized Clusters

“…Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have been studied extensively for their tunable optical properties and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) . Their emission window can be broadly tuned by controlling the crystal size, − capping ligand, , and elemental composition. , These fascinating optoelectronic properties make them promising materials for applications in photovoltaics for light-emitting devices, − photodetectors, − and sensing. − PQDs are characterized by their tunability, which stems from their high surface-to-volume ratio and quantum confinement. , Perovskite magic-sized clusters (MSCs) share many of these characteristics with PQDs but are smaller with higher monodispersity and narrower, bluer optical absorption and emission bands. ,− They are often described as discrete, metastable intermediaries of PQDs . While MSCs can be formed in a variety of ways using a variety of temperature ranges and environments, LARP is typically used for its simplicity .…”

Recent progress in metal halide perovskite-based photocatalysts: physicochemical properties, synthetic strategies, and solar-driven applications

“…118 The stability of mixed halide nanocrystals is a challenge in the ion exchange method, and the synthesis of MHPs requires highly puried precursors, leading to increased synthesis costs. 4,90,116,118,146 However, the phase transformation approach can avoid these rigorous requirements. 0D hexagonal Cs 4 PbX 6 (X = Cl, Br, I) NCs was reported, which can become 3D cubic CsPbX 3 aer the insertion of additional PbBr 2 conditions (Fig.…”

The Tetrel Bond and Tetrel Halide Perovskite Semiconductors

“…All-inorganic [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] and organic–inorganic [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] metal halide perovskites are a special class of semiconducting materials used in photovoltaics [ 8 ], photodetectors [ 9 ], and photocatalysis [ 10 , 11 ]. The continuing development of a variety of these materials has been well documented [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”