Lead-Free Perovskites for Lighting and Lasing Applications: A Minireview

Abstract

Research on materials with perovskite crystal symmetry for photonics applications represent a rapidly growing area of the photonics development due to their unique optical and electrical properties. Among them are high charge carrier mobility, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and high extinction coefficients, which can be tuned through all visible range by a controllable change in chemical composition. To date, most of such materials contain lead atoms, which is one of the obstacles for their large-scale implementation. This disadvantage can be overcome via the substitution of lead with less toxic chemical elements, such as Sn, Bi, Yb, etc., and their mixtures. Herein, we summarized the scientific works from 2016 related to the lead-free perovskite materials with stress on the lasing and lighting applications. The synthetic approaches, chemical composition, and morphology of materials, together with the optimal device configurations depending on the material parameters are summarized with a focus on future challenges.

Interface Chemical Modification between All-Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals and Porous Silica Microspheres for Composite Materials with Improved Emission

“…The analysis of PL images showed almost the same degree of pNCs embedding with preserving the optical properties of pNCs ( Figure S2, Supplementary Materials ). This observation shows the opportunity for the development of composite emissive materials based on pNCs and silica microspheres apart from their size which opens a way to align the composite architecture for achieving the conditions for resonance for further lasing applications [ 20 ].…”

“…The success in the improvement of the optical properties of pNC-based composites with the use of TEOS molecules and silica matrix inspired us to implement this approach for the fabrication of lead-free perovskite nanomaterials on the example of Bi-doped Cs 2 AgInCl 6 double perovskites. Since lead-free perovskite NCs are highly unstable [ 20 ], the TEOS molecules were injected during the synthesis. As a result of the synthesis described in Supporting information, CsAgInCl:Bi-1 and CsAgInCl:Bi-2 pNCs were obtained at 280 and 200 °C, respectively, and then covered with TEOS molecules at 80 °C under an inert atmosphere.…”

“…For latter applications, matrices should meet the following demands: transparency, stability while the operation of the device, ease of fabrication, and possibility for scaling the production. From the view of lasing applications, the control of the shape of the host matrix in order to vary the shape from fibers to spheres meeting the resonance conditions for further observation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and lasing is needed [ 20 , 21 ]. In recent work [ 22 ], it was shown that the fibers based on composites made with pNCs and polymers (polymethyl methacrylate and poly(vinylidene fluoride)) had stable optical responses at humidity at 60% and performed ASE and waveguide lasing.…”

All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free 0D Perovskites by a Doping Strategy to Achieve a PLQY Boost from <2 % to 90 %

“…All‐inorganic zero‐dimensional (0D) lead halide perovskites with isolated octahedron have attracted extensive attention for optoelectronic applications . Nevertheless, the toxicity and instability of lead perovskite pose a threat to the ecological environment and humans, hindering their further development . Thus, searching for the less toxic or nearly non‐toxic and highly stable lead‐free perovskite becomes an effective solution.…”

Special Issue: Optical Characterizations of Novel Composite and Optically Active Materials

“…and their mixtures. In a minireview by Ushakova et al [ 1 ], research related to lead-free perovskite materials is analysed from 2016, with an emphasis on laser and lighting applications. The synthesis, chemical composition, and morphology of these materials, together with optimal device configurations, depending on the material parameters, are summarized with a focus on future challenges.…”