Lead-Free Double Perovskite Cs₂NaErCl₆: Li⁺ as High-Stability Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Halide perovskite materials have been used in the field of lithium-ion batteries because of their excellent ion migration characteristics and defect tolerance. However, the current lead-based perovskites used for lithium-ion batteries are highly toxic, which may hinder the pace of further commercialization. Therefore, it is still necessary to develop a new type of stable and pollution-free perovskite anode material. Herein, we for the first time use a high-concentration lithium-ion doped rare-earth-based double perovskite Cs2NaErCl6:Li+ as the negative electrode material for a lithium-ion battery. Thanks to its excellent structure stability, the assembled battery also has high cycle stability, with a specific capacity of 120 mAh g–1 at 300 mA g–1 after 500 cycles with a Coulomb efficiency of nearly 100%. The introduction of a rare earth element in a lead-free double perovskite paves a new way for the development of novel promising anode materials in the field of lithium storage applications.

Elucidating the Mn2+ Dopant Sites in Two-Dimensional Na–In Halide Perovskite

“…Further, with a higher feed ratio, the expansion of the lattice occurs, which we attribute to the occupation of interstitial sites. This type of expansion due to the presence of dopant ions at interstitial sites in perovskites is well-known in the literature. , Thus, by analyzing the PXRD patterns, we propose the presence of two types of Mn 2+ sites inside the host LDP.…”

“…This type of expansion due to the presence of dopant ions at interstitial sites in perovskites is well-known in the literature. 43,44 Thus, by analyzing the PXRD patterns, we propose the presence of two types of Mn 2+ sites inside the host LDP.…”

“…ICP-OES results show that Mn 2+ doping concentration inside the lattice is very high (up to 21%) at higher dopant concentration, which seems unrealistic in case of aliovalent substitutional doping of an ion. Presence of a higher dopant content leads us to infer that Mn 2+ is not only going to substitutional sites but also resides at interstitial sites in the lattice. − …”

Applications of all-inorganic perovskites for energy storage

“…The addition of rare earth elements into the lead-free double perovskite opens up a way for the exploration of new promising anode materials for lithium storage applications. 57…”

A layered hybrid rare-earth double perovskite with two continuous reversible phase transitions induced by unusual two driving gears of fan-like rotation movements

“…23–26 Although many inorganic rare-earth double perovskites have been reported, e.g. , Cs 2 NaYF 6 , 27 Cs 2 NaErCl 6 , 28 and Cs 2 NaScCl 6 , 26 organic–inorganic hybrid ones are still very rare, especially for ferroelectric, dielectric or phase transition crystalline materials. The reason may be related to the strong affinity with the oxygen or sulfur atom from solvent molecules, as well as the complex interactions between organic amine and inorganic frameworks.…”