“…Lead-based halide perovskites have been extensively studied for their ease of synthesis, − long carrier diffusion length, , high monochromatic − and tunable spectra, − ,, high luminous efficiency, − , and high defect tolerance properties − that make them attractive candidates for wide color gamut displays, , but the toxicity of lead has been a major limitation, hindering their industrial application. While Sn 2+ and Ge 2+ have been considered to replace Pb 2+ , their susceptibility of easy oxidation leads to the decomposition of the perovskite structure. − Vacancy-ordered perovskites , (i.e., A 2 B 4+ X 6 , A 3 B 3+ 2 X 9 , etc.) and double perovskites − (i.e., A 2 B + B 3+ X 6 ) exhibit higher photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), but their spectral widths are relatively wide due to the nature of self-trapped exciton (STE) emission.…”