Lead-Free Cesium-Containing Halide Perovskite and Its Application in Solar Cells

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of lead-free cesium tin halide perovskite microplates

“…[11,16,17] Being represented by lead halide perovskites, their remarkable application performances are supported by excellent optoelectronic properties, including high optical absorption coefficient, [18] long carrier lifetimes, [19] tunable narrow-band emission, [20] high fluorescence quantum efficiency, [21] and so on. [22,23] Although the performances of lead halide perovskites are outstanding, many efforts have been devoted to exploring environmentally friendly analogues with minimized performance losses.…”

“…The development of tin halide perovskites has been proved to be one of the most promising approaches because the replacement of Pb 2+ by Sn 2+ with a very close ionic radius can form stable perovskite structures and maintain similar electronic and band structures. [17,[23][24][25] For example, all-inorganic cesium tin halide perovskites CsSnX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) have been reported to have excellent optoelectronic properties, such as high PL quantum efficiency, [26] tunable narrow-band PL emission, [24,27,28] high absorption coefficient, [25,29] low exciton binding energy, [24,30,31] high carrier mobility, [31] amplified spontaneous emission characteristic, [32,33] and narrower bandgaps compared with the lead analogues. [34,35] Therefore, most of the optoelectronic applications achieved by lead halide perovskites have also been demonstrated by CsSnX 3 , including solar cells, [23,34,36] LEDs, [30] lasers, [32] and photodetectors.…”

“…[17,[23][24][25] For example, all-inorganic cesium tin halide perovskites CsSnX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) have been reported to have excellent optoelectronic properties, such as high PL quantum efficiency, [26] tunable narrow-band PL emission, [24,27,28] high absorption coefficient, [25,29] low exciton binding energy, [24,30,31] high carrier mobility, [31] amplified spontaneous emission characteristic, [32,33] and narrower bandgaps compared with the lead analogues. [34,35] Therefore, most of the optoelectronic applications achieved by lead halide perovskites have also been demonstrated by CsSnX 3 , including solar cells, [23,34,36] LEDs, [30] lasers, [32] and photodetectors. [28,37] However, narrowing the performance gap between tin perovskites and their lead analogues is still challenging.…”

Research progress of ABX3-type lead-free perovskites for optoelectronic applications: materials and devices

“…150 Sn-based perovskite solar cells. Sn is considered to be the most promising element to replace Pb since Sn and Pb are in the same main group and have very similar ionic radii, 151 which makes the tolerance factor and octahedral factor of Sn-based perovskites well fulfilled. Research work on Sn-based solar cells has also been carried out relatively early.…”

Geometric and topological AI for molecular sciences

“…Of late, CsGeX 3 perovskites have emerged as "greener" alternatives for lead-based perovskites. By replacing the B-site lead atom with germanium, these perovskites offer environmental friendly substitutes that can also provide low-cost and high efficiency in photovaltic devices [236,232,50].…”