Lead-free BNBT-6 piezoelectric ceramic fibre/epoxy 1-3 composites for ultrasonic transducer applications

Electrical and elastic properties of 1–3 PZT/epoxy piezoelectric composites

“…As the most promising candidate for highfrequency underwater hydrophone and biomedical imaging, 1-3 piezoelectric composites show many advantages over bulk piezoelectric ceramics: lower acoustic impedance (Z), higher coupling coefficient (k t ), lower mechanical quality factor (Q m )and dielectric loss (tgδ) and better design flexibility [1][2][3][4]. Methods developed for processing finescale 1-3 piezoelectric composites include: dice-fill, lost mold, RIE(reactive ion etching)-LIGA, fiber processing and so on [3][4][5][6]. Among these methods, the simply and cheap processing of dice-fill has made it the standard commercial method in forming 1-3 piezoelectric composites for highfrequency application.…”

Nondestructive Testing, 3. Ultrasonics

“…On the other hand, the polymer phase connects in all three dimensions, and has a connectivity of 3. Figure 9 shows schematically the 1-3 piezocomposite arrangement [9][10][11].…”

Processing and Properties of Textured Potassium Strontium Niobate (KSr2Nb5O15) Ceramic Fibers – Texture Development

“…Thus, various lead‐free alternative piezoelectric materials are being investigated in bulk form, as reviewed recently by Rödel et al ,. and in fiber forms, as demonstrated by Wang et al . and Choy et al .…”

“…2,3 However, in the last decade, use of lead-containing materials even in electronic equipment are gradually being restricted through national laws or directives of international bodies due to the toxicity of lead. 4 Thus, various lead-free alternative piezoelectric materials are being investigated in bulk form, as reviewed recently by Ro¨del et al 5 , and in fiber forms, as demonstrated by Wang et al 6 and Choy et al 7 for Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3based materials and by Mensur-Alkoy 8 for Cu-modified K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 materials.…”