Lead-free BaTiO₃nanowires-based flexible nanocomposite generator

Abstract

We have synthesized BaTiO3 nanowires (NWs) via a simple hydrothermal method at low temperature and developed a lead-free, flexible nanocomposite generator (NCG) device by a simple, low-cost, and scalable spin-coating method. The hydrothermally grown BaTiO3 NWs are mixed in a polymer matrix without a toxic dispersion enhancer to produce a piezoelectric nanocomposite (p-NC). During periodical and regular bending and unbending motions, the NCG device fabricated by utilizing a BaTiO3 NWs-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite successfully harvests the output voltage of ∼ 7.0 V and current signals of ∼ 360 nA, which are utilized to drive a liquid crystal display (LCD). We also characterized the instantaneous power (∼ 1.2 μW) of the NCG device by calculating the load voltage and current through the connected external resistance.

Self-powered flexible inorganic electronic system

“…Highly aligned and dense PZT nanofiber arrays fabricated by electrospinning were also assembled into a PDMS matrix to make a high-output nanogenerator, which was able to stimulate the sciatic nerve of a frog and induce the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle [45]. Composite-based nanogenerators using 1D piezoelectric nanomaterials such as BTO, KNbO 3 , NaNbO 3 , and PMN-PT nanostructures have been also developed [46][47][48][49][50]. These 1D composite nanogenerators are highly attractive for large-scale energy harvesting applications because the 1D piezoelectric structures can be well dispersed in the polymeric matrix by themselves without additional dispersal agents like CNTs.…”

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from a PMN–PT single nanowire

“…28 Firstly, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomeric matrix (sylgard 184, Dow Corning) was prepared by mixing a base and a curing agent as the ratio of 10 : 1. Subsequently, $50 mm PDMS layer was spin-casted onto a Si wafer, to form a dielectric layer between the piezoelectric material and the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode.…”

“…S1 of ESI †). 28 As shown in the schematic representation of Fig. S1a, † the PMN-PT NWs were embedded in the PDMS matrix without any dispersing agents to produce the polymer-based piezoelectric composites.…”

Direct Writing of Patterned, Lead‐Free Nanowire Aligned Flexible Piezoelectric Device

“…Despite the pursuit of noteworthy anisotropic piezoelectric materials, highly oriented arrangement of the anisotropic piezoelectric materials29, 30, 31 and patterned structure of the device's piezoelectric layer,32, 33 both of which can significantly improve the electrical output of the PNGs, are also highly required. Nevertheless, most researchers manufacture PNGs by a commonly utilized spin coating method34, 35, 36, 37 which sets up obstacles for these PNGs to reach the requirement mentioned above, thus impairs their output performance. Currently, approaches such as electrospinning,38, 39 chemical epitaxial growth,40, 41 and template based lithography42, 43, 44 are developed to fabricate PNGs with aligned piezoelectric materials or patterned structures.…”