Lead Contained in Plastic Shopping Bags and its Substance Flow

Sakai, Shin’ichi; Asari, Misuzu; Sato, Naomi; Miyajima, Akira

doi:10.5985/jec.19.497

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These studies demonstrate that there are products with an elevated lead content/ migration in the home environment of children in contemporary Japan. Some plastic bags distributed by supermarkets and other stores have been found to contain an elevated concentration of lead [61]. While none of 2,154 white and transparent plastic bags collected in Kyoto in 2007 contained a detectable concentration of lead (\100 mg/kg), 17-18 % of 565 colored plastic bags (brown, yellow, orange, etc.)…”

Section: Lead In Other Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead in the Japanese living environment

Yoshinaga

2012

Environ Health Prev Med

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Lead has long been known to be a neurotoxic heavy metal, particularly in the context of occupational health. However, its adverse effect on the cognitive development of children at lower exposure levels has only recently received attention. Although the exposure level of contemporary Japanese children is among the lowest in the world, it is desirable to reduce exposure as much as reasonably possible due to the absence of a threshold of exposure for adverse effects. In this review, information on lead levels in milieus of our proximate environment, such as the atmosphere, drinking water, soil, house dust, diet and others, of contemporary Japan was compiled with the aim of updating our knowledge on lead distribution. Monitoring data demonstrates that lead concentrations in the atmosphere and lead intake from food consumption have decreased substantially from the 1970s. Lead was hardly detectable in tap water in a recent nation-wide monitoring survey. To the contrary, elevated lead concentrations were detected in surface soil and house dust in one of the studies on daily exposure to lead from all potential sources, and both of these sources were regarded by the authors as significant contributors of lead exposure to general Japanese children. A similar study indicated that diet is the sole major source of lead for Japanese children. A significant difference was present in the estimated dietary lead intake levels in different studies, resulting in significant discrepancies in the current knowledge on lead in our environment. Further studies are warranted to identify the major source(s) of lead exposure in Japanese children in order to establish an effective countermeasure to reduce lead exposure to children.

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Section: Lead In Other Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead in the Japanese living environment

Yoshinaga

2012

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Eles podem ser produzidos em várias formas (esféricas, ovóides e cilíndricas), tamanhos (de 1 a 5 mm) e cores (geralmente claras, brancas ou transparentes), dependendo de sua composição química e de seu propósito final (Wilber, 1987;EPA, 1990a) (Michaeli, 1995;Rodriguez, 1996 Estudos sobre a quantificação de elementos metálicos em plásticos têm sido pouco explorados, sendo a maior contribuição no setor alimentício, cujo interesse é saber a quantidade de íons potencialmente tóxicos que podem migrar da embalagem para os alimentos, danificando sua qualidade (Zenebon et al, 2004;Birley, 1982;Takahashi et al, 2008Takahashi et al, e 1999Nomura et al, 2000;Soarez, 2008;Shepherd, 1981;Mateus, 1999;Westerhoff et al, 2008). Há também estudos mais recentes, que abordam a presença de elementos metálicos em embalagens alimentícias , pellets (Ashton et al, 2010e Holmes et al, 2012, lixo plástico encontrado nas praias (Nakashima et al, 2011(Nakashima et al, e 2012 e sacolas plásticas de supermercados (Sakai et al, 2009 Portanto, a quantificação dos elementos metálicos em produtos plásticos nos fornece valiosas informações para aprimoramento da qualidade de seus produtos bem como a entidades preocupadas com a preservação do meio ambiente e da saúde da população.…”

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