Lead Concentrations in Raw Cow and Goat Milk Collected in Rural Areas of Croatia from 2010 to 2014

Bilandžić, Nina; Sedak, Marija; Čalopek, Bruno; Luburić, Đurđica Božić; Kolanović, Božica Solomun; Varenina, Ivana; Đokić, Mаја; Kmetič, Ivana; Murati, Teuta

doi:10.1007/s00128-016-1749-z

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The mean value observed for As was lower than that reported by Pérez-Carrera et al (2016) in Argentina (4.0 μg/kg, 3.5 μg/kg) and by Sarkar et al (2016) in India where the cows were highly contaminated with As (69 μg/L). The average levels of Pb in the present study were also lower than those recorded by Bilandzic et al (2016) in rural areas in Croatia (11.4 μg/kg, range 5.11-131 μg/kg) and by Kazi et al (2009) in Pakistan (47.6 μg/L, range 41.8-58.7 μg/L). The observed mean Pb value was similar to that obtained by Kim et al (2016) in Korea (1.48 μg/kg) and by Tang et al (2014) in China.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Large scale study of the within and between spatial variability of lead, arsenic, and cadmium contamination of cow milk in China

Zhou

Zheng

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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This large scale study investigated the spatial variability of Pb, As, and Cd contents in raw milk within and between the 10 main milk producing areas in China. A total of 997 raw milk samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean values of Pb, As, and Cd in milk were 1.75 μg/L, 0.31 μg/L, and 0.05 μg/L, respectively. The highest level of Pb and As was present in area C, and Cd was highest in area J. The standard deviation suggested a higher heterogeneity of milk heavy metal contamination within area than between areas. Levels of Pb, As, and Cd showed significant differences between studied areas. The estimated root mean squared standardised error obtained by the cross-validation suggested a differentiated quality of Pb, As, and Cd modelling between areas: the predictions obtained were sometimes overestimated or underestimated. These results can be used to define a more appropriate sampling procedure for heavy metal contaminate distribution in raw milk for improved future control of milk contamination by heavy metals in the studied areas. The significant positive correlations between concentrations of Pb-Cd, As-Cd, and Pb-As were observed in nine, six and five areas, respectively. No significant negative correlations were observed. The observed variability of correlation values suggested a different pollution source for Pb, As, and Cd in milk between areas. Further studies are required to clarify the relationships between the contamination of raw milk by heavy metals and the herd environment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Large scale study of the within and between spatial variability of lead, arsenic, and cadmium contamination of cow milk in China

Zhou

Zheng

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The Zn and Cu contents in milk were lower, while the Cd and Pb contents were comparable to those reported in raw cow milk from Transylvanian farms in Romania [5]. The Pb values were generally higher than those reported in raw cow milk from dairy farms close to mines in Gauteng and the northwest provinces of South Africa [39] and in rural areas of Croatia [40]. Compared to the metal levels in cow milk obtained from supervised and unsupervised feeding mainly with corn, oats, and alfalfa grown in wastewater-irrigated areas in the Mezquital Valley, Mexico City, the metal contents obtained in our study were lower for Zn and Pb and comparable in the case of Cu [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Metal (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn) Transfer along Food Chain and Health Risk Assessment through Raw Milk Consumption from Free-Range Cows

Miclean

Cadar

Levei

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Metal transfer along the food chain has raised concerns about impacts on human health due to dietary exposure to low but chronic concentrations. Soil–forage–milk–consumer is a short food chain through which metals are able to reach an organism. Methods: Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn were determined in water, soil, forage, and milk samples collected from free-range cattle farms situated near Baia Mare, Romania. The soil-to-forage (TFsf) and forage-to-milk (TFfm) transfer factors for metals and the health risk for three population groups (females, males, and children) through the consumption of milk containing low levels of metals were assessed. Results: TFsf indicated that the uptake capabilities of the metals from soil to forage were in the following order: Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb. TFfm indicated a lack of metal accumulation through forage ingestion. Estimated daily (EDI) and provisional tolerable weekly (PTWI) intake values revealed a minimal exposure of the population to those metals through milk consumption. A noncarcinogenic hazard index indicated that milk consumption from local markets does not pose any risk for human health; however, the average cancer risk showed a high potential carcinogenic risk. Conclusions: The consumption of milk produced by small local farmers does not pose noncarcinogenic risks. More extended studies should be carried out in order to identify the potential carcinogenic risk caused by the low levels of metals in the milk consumed.

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“…In a subsequent study conducted in the same laboratory, Bilandžić et al . (2016) analysed the concentrations of Pb in a 249 cow milk samples, which were collected between 2010 and 2014 at small dairy farms from rural areas belonging to seven Croatian counties. During that period, mean Pb concentrations ranged between 10.8 (2013) and 12.2 (2014) μg/kg, being the highest Pb level equal to 131 μg/kg, which was found in 2014.…”

Section: Concentrations Of As CD Hg and Pb In Cow Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) in cow milk: A review of the recent scientific literature

Domingo

2021

Int J of Dairy Tech

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A continued intake of milk with certain contents of environmental pollutants/toxicants can mean health risks for the consumers. This paper is mainly focused on reviewing recent studies on the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in cow milk of different countries. As expected, notable differences in the metal levels in cow milk samples, depending on the countries and the specific areas of collection, have been found. In general terms, based on the studies here reviewed, human exposure to As, Cd, Hg and Pb by frequent consumption of cow milk should not mean significant health risks for the consumers.

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Lead Concentrations in Raw Cow and Goat Milk Collected in Rural Areas of Croatia from 2010 to 2014

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Large scale study of the within and between spatial variability of lead, arsenic, and cadmium contamination of cow milk in China

Large scale study of the within and between spatial variability of lead, arsenic, and cadmium contamination of cow milk in China

Metal (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn) Transfer along Food Chain and Health Risk Assessment through Raw Milk Consumption from Free-Range Cows

Concentrations of toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) in cow milk: A review of the recent scientific literature

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