Lead concentrations in human tissues

Abstract

1970). Brit. J. industr. Med., 27,[339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349][350][351]. Lead concentrations in human tissues. A study of 69 subjects at post-mortem, four of whom had histories of occupational exposure to lead, demonstrated a marked difference in the lead concentrations between bones and soft tissues.The soft tissues of infants and young children contained low concentrations of lead, varying from 0 01 ppm in muscle to 0-46 ppm in liver. By the end of the second decade of life the concentrations of lead in most of the soft tissues showed values varying between 0-06 ppm in muscle and 1-35 ppm in liver and thereafter did not increase with advancing age.The concentrations of lead in bone were considerably greater than those in the soft tissues, being about 1 ppm in infants and young children and increasing to more than 40 ppm in persons over the age of 50 years. Adult male bones contained more lead than adult females by a ratio of 3 to 2, and in both sexes the long bone contained concentrations of lead two and a half times that observed in the flat bone. No marked difference was noted in lead concentrations between the corresponding soft tissues of the two sexes.From the findings it appeared that in adults the total body burden varied widely from subject to subject. Nearly 95 % was represented by the lead content in bone, of which more than 70 % was in dense bone. A far lower concentration of lead was found in the bones of children than in those of adults, but there was less divergence in the lead concentrations in the soft tissues.The total lead content in the soft tissues of the majority of the subjects investigated appeared to be relatively stable and did not correlate with levels in bone.The four male subjects with known occupational exposure to lead had greater concentrations of lead in bone than those with no known occupational exposure, but no difference was noted in the soft tissues between the two groups, with the exception of the most heavily exposed subject in whom concentrations of lead in the brain were over 4 ppm and in the aorta 28 ppm.Hair and nails were found to contain relatively high concentrations of lead, approximately 20 ppm; some significance may be attached to this finding in a medico-legal context.The findings of this study would suggest that the present intake of lead among the general population is no greater than in the past.

Niveles de plomo sanguíneo en madres y recién nacidos derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

“…Joel Navarrete-Espinosa, M.C., M.A.H., (1) Luz Helena Sanín-Aguirre, M.C., M.S.P., Dr. en C., (2,3) Celia Escandón-Romero, M.S.P., (1) Guadalupe Benitez-Martínez, M.S.P., (1) Gustavo Olaiz-Fernández, M.C., (4) Mauricio Hernández-Avila, M.C., Ph.D. (3) (1) Subjefatura de Epidemiología, Jefatura …”

“…E n México, como en muchos otros países de Améri-ca, la exposición ambiental a plomo con el riesgo de efectos deletéreos sobre los sistemas hematopoyético, hepático, renal, reproductivo y gastrointestinal [1][2][3] permanece como una amenaza. Además, en la actualidad, se reconoce su relación con daños neurológicos en niños, expresados a través de retardo en su desarrollo psicomotor.…”

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Plomo en sangre materna y del recién nacido ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL

Niveles de plomo sanguíneo en madres y recién nacidos derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialJoel Navarrete-Espinosa, M.C., M.A.H., (1) Luz Helena Sanín-Aguirre, M.C., M.S.P., Dr. en C., (2,3) Celia Escandón-Romero, M.S.P., (1) Guadalupe Benitez-Martínez, M.S.P., (1) Gustavo Olaiz-Fernández, M.C., (4) Mauricio Hernández-Avila, M.C., Ph.D. (3) (1) Subjefatura de Epidemiología, Jefatura

AbstractObjective. To establish the relation between maternal blood lead (MBL) and umbilical cord blood lead (CBL) levels during delivery, and to determine the major predictors for MBL in women covered by the Mexican Institute of Social Security (MISS), in Mexico City.

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Calculating the uncertainty in lead concentration forin vivobone lead x-ray fluorescence

“…Monitoring of lead exposure is usually performed via measuring lead in whole blood, but the biological residence time of lead in blood is approximately 36 days (Rabinowitz et al 1976). The majority of the human body burden of lead does not reside in blood but in the skeleton (Barry and Mossman 1970, Barry 1975, 1981, wherein the biological residence time is of the order of years (Rabinowitz et al 1976, Gerhardsson et al 1993, Chettle 1995, Börjesson et al 1997, Brito et al 2000. Lead in bone is thus a measure of long-term lead exposure (Somervaille et al 1988).…”

The Use of K X-Ray Fluorescence for Measuring Lead Burden in Epidemiological Studies: High and Low Lead Burdens and Measurement Uncertainty

“…Of total body lead burden, 90 to 95% (70-80% in children) is contained in bone (1,2). Since it is a dynamic tissue, bone also serves as a potential source ofinternal lead exposure, especially during periods of heightened bone activity such as pregnancy (3), lactation (4), postmenopausal osteoporosis (5), Paget's disease (6), and cisplatin chemotherapy (7).…”