Lead concentrations and isotopes in aerosols from Xiamen, China

Zhu, Laimin; Tang, Jianwu; Liu, Ben; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Feifei

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.035

Cited by 58 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This trend has most recently been documented by Zhu et al (2010), who found atmospheric lead concentrations (average = 79 ng m −3 ) in Xiamen had increased ∼12% over concentrations measured there between 1991 and 1993, when leaded gasoline was used. They attributed that increase to the vast combustion of lead-containing coal.…”

Section: Aeolian Transportsupporting

confidence: 52%

All the Lead in China

Flegal

Gallon

Ganguli

et al. 2013

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Lead contamination in China has been extensively documented by scientists in China and elsewhere over the past two decades, as summarized in this review of articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Sources of that contamination include (a) deposits from previous emissions of leaded gasoline, which was finally eliminated in the past decade; (b) previous and continuing emissions from fossil fuel combustion, which are increasing markedly with the rapid industrialization of China; (c) previous and continuing emissions from other industrial activities, including mining, smelting and municipal waste incineration; and (d) previous and continuing additions of contaminated fertilizers, sewage, and untreated wastewater to agricultural fields. Lead concentrations of some Chinese agricultural produce are also elevated by acid rain and acidic fertilizers, which increase the solubility and bioavailability of both natural and contaminant lead in soil. In addition, some Chinese products are contaminated with lead during their production, processing, packaging, and transport. As a consequence of the long-range transport of industrial lead emissions from China and the global market for its products, the problem of lead pollution in China is a global problem.

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Section: Aeolian Transportsupporting

confidence: 52%

All the Lead in China

Flegal

Gallon

Ganguli

et al. 2013

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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“…2 and Table 1. As can be seen, isotope ratios of soil Pb fell between the range of local coal combustion dust/vehicle emission and natural background soil , and coincidently fell within the scope of local aerosols (Zhu et al, 2010). Since coal source was more close to the urban soil values, coal combustion emission might be the primary anthropogenic source for urban soil Pb in Xiamen, and contribute by the pathway of atmospheric deposition.…”

Section: Pb Isotopic Characterization and Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 83%

Source identification and apportionment of heavy metals in urban soil profiles

et al. 2015

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“…Previous studies have determined the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios ranging from 0.850 to 0.872 for wide varieties of Chinese coal [61]. Leaded gasoline, which was phased out in the early 1990s [62], showed an average 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratio of 0.901, whereas unleaded exhaust showed the ratio of 0.872 in the PRD region [63]. The average ratio of 206 [62].…”

Section: Source Identification Using Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Pollution Controls on Atmospheric PM2.5 Composition during Universiade in Shenzhen, China

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The 16th Universiade, an international multi-sport event, was hosted in Shenzhen, China from 12 to 23 August 2011. During this time, officials instituted the Pearl River Delta action plan in order to enhance the air quality of Shenzhen. To determine the effect of these controls, the current study examined the trace elements, water-soluble ions, and stable lead isotopic ratios in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) collected during the controlled (when the restrictions were in place) and uncontrolled periods. Fine particles (PM 2.5 ) were collected at two sampling sites in Shenzhen: "LG"-a residential building in the Longgang District, with significant point sources around it and "PU"-Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School in the Nanshan District, with no significant point sources. Results from this study showed a significant increase in the concentrations of elements during the uncontrolled periods. For instance, samples at the LG site showed (controlled to uncontrolled periods) concentrations (in ng¨m´3) of: Fe (152 to 290), As (3.65 to 8.38), Pb (9.52 to 70.8), and Zn (98.6 to 286). Similarly, samples at the PU site showed elemental concentrations (in ng¨m´3) of: Fe (114 to 301), As (0.634 to 8.36), Pb (4.86 to 58.1), and Zn (29.5 to 259). Soluble Fe ranged from 7%-15% for the total measured Fe, indicating an urban source of Fe. Ambient PM 2.5 collected at the PU site has an average 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio of 18.257 and 18.260 during controlled and uncontrolled periods, respectively. The LG site has an average 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio of 18.183 and 18.030 during controlled and uncontrolled periods, respectively. The 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios at the PU and the LG sites during the controlled and uncontrolled periods were similar, indicating a common Pb source. To characterize the sources of trace elements, principal component analysis was applied to the elements and ions. Although the relative importance of each component varied, the major sources for both sites were identified as residual oil combustion, secondary inorganic aerosols, sea spray, and combustion. The PM 2.5 levels were severely decreased during the controlled period, but it is unclear if this was a result of the controls or change in meteorology.

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Lead concentrations and isotopes in aerosols from Xiamen, China

Cited by 58 publications

References 42 publications

All the Lead in China

All the Lead in China

Source identification and apportionment of heavy metals in urban soil profiles

Effect of Pollution Controls on Atmospheric PM2.5 Composition during Universiade in Shenzhen, China

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