Lead, Cadmium, Smoking, and Increased Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Navas‐Acien, Ana; Selvin, Elizabeth; Sharrett, A. Richey; Calderón-Aranda, Emma S.; Silbergeld, Ellen K.; Güallar, Eliseo

doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000130848.18636.b2

Cited by 412 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In NHANES 1999-2000 that examines more than 2000 people, blood Pb and blood Cd were found higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Pb was higher in men than in women and Cd was higher in women than in men in the same survey [26,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Effects of age, gender, BMI, settlement and smoking on lead and cadmium accumulation in heart tissue

Dip¹,

İritaş²,

Mergen³

et al. 2017

Med-Science

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Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are well-known risk factors for peripheral arterial and some other cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the level of both toxic metals, in the human heart tissue and compare the accumulation to their age, gender, body mass index, living environment and smoking habit. Heart tissues of the 112 autopsy cases, representing a sample set of population living in capital city of Turkey: Ankara Province (both in city center and suburban), were collected from Turkey Ministry of Justice, Council of Forensic Medicine in Ankara Branch. Lead and cadmium analysis was carried out by Graphite Furnace Atomic Spectrometry technique. Cd/Pb results and individuals' information were assessed by SPSS statistically. Average value of Pb was found as 1374.99±237.01ppb and Cd was found as 287.54±66.43ppb in all heart tissue samples. Consideration of metal levels in autopsy heart tissues by age, statistically significant positive correlation in Cd was observed (p<0.05). There was no correlation found between metal levels with gender and BMI values. Both Pb and Cd levels of the samples who lived in urban was significantly greater than in suburban areas (p<0.05). Significant increase Cd level were observed in smokers' heart tissues (p<0.05), however, contrary to expectations, Pb has no statistically significant result.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Meta-analyses of more than 60 researches show strong relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and elevated blood Pb level [22][23][24]. High blood Pb level also correlates cardiovascular mortality and prevalence of peripheral arterial diseases [25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age, gender, BMI, settlement and smoking on lead and cadmium accumulation in heart tissue

Dip¹,

İritaş²,

Mergen³

et al. 2017

Med-Science

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“…Recently, NHANES data linked Cd with cardiovascular outcomes and peripheral arterial disease. Navas-Acien et al (2004 reported that peripheral arterial disease might be associated with blood and urinary Cd, thus suggesting that Cd is involved in arterial dysfunction. The authors used the anklebrachial index to reflect peripheral arterial disease.…”

Section: Blood Pressure and Effects On Arteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

et al. 2010

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We focus on the recent evidence that elucidates our understanding about the effects of cadmium (Cd) on human health and their prevention. Recently, there has been substantial progress in the exploration of the shape of the Cd concentrationresponse function on osteoporosis and mortality. Environmental exposure to Cd increases total mortality in a continuous fashion without evidence of a threshold, independently of kidney function and other classical factors associated with mortality including age, gender, smoking and social economic status. Pooled hazard rates of two recent environmental population based cohort studies revealed that for each doubling of urinary Cd concentration, the relative risk for mortality increases with 17% (95% CI 4.2-33.1%; P \ 0.0001). Tubular kidney damage starts at urinary Cd concentrations ranging between 0.5 and 2 lg urinary Cd/g creatinine, and recent studies focusing on bone effects show increased risk of osteoporosis even at urinary Cd below 1 lg Cd/g creatinine. The non-smoking adult population has urinary Cd concentrations close to or higher than 0.5 lg Cd/g creatinine. To diminish the transfer of Cd from soil to plants for human consumption, the bioavailability of soil Cd for the plants should be reduced (external bioavailability) by maintaining agricultural and garden soils pH close to neutral (pH-H 2 O of 7.5; pH-KCL of 6.5). Reducing the systemic bioavailability of intestinal Cd can be best achieved by preserving a balanced iron status. The latter might especially be relevant in groups with a lower intake of iron, such as vegetarians, and women in reproductive phase of life. In exposed populations, house dust loaded with Cd is an additional relevant exposure route. In view of the insidious etiology of health effects associated with low dose exposure to Cd and the current European Cd intake which is close to the tolerable weekly intake, one should not underestimate the importance of the recent epidemiological evidence on Cd toxicity as to its medical and public health implications.

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“…62 In the NHANES cohort, cadmium exposure partially mediated the effect of smoking on peripheral arterial disease. 63 The relationship between cadmium exposure and matrix metalloproteinase activity in the vasculature is unexplored.…”

Section: Matrix Metalloproteinases and Vascular Pathophysiology: Focumentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, Metalloproteinases, and Vascular Disease

Perlstein

Lee

2006

ATVB

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Abstract-Smoking causes up to 11% of total global cardiovascular deaths. Smoking has numerous effects that may promote atherosclerosis through vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, but the pathogenesis of smoking-related cardiovascular disease remains incompletely understood. The matrix metalloproteinases, a family of endopeptidases that can degrade extracellular matrix components in both physiological and pathophysiological states, play an important role in smoking-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the second leading cause of smoking attributable mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that the matrix metalloproteinases may also contribute to smoking-related vascular disease. Here we discuss the potential relationship between smoking, matrix metalloproteinases, and acceleration of vascular disease.

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Lead, Cadmium, Smoking, and Increased Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Cited by 412 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of age, gender, BMI, settlement and smoking on lead and cadmium accumulation in heart tissue

Effects of age, gender, BMI, settlement and smoking on lead and cadmium accumulation in heart tissue

Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

Smoking, Metalloproteinases, and Vascular Disease

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