Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 h Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

Leroux, Isabelle; Ferreira, Ana Paula Sacone da Silva; Paniz, Fernanda Pollo; Pedron, Tatiana; Salles, Fernanda Junqueira; Silva, Fábio Ferreira da; Maltez, Heloísa França; Batista, Bruno Lemos; Olympio, Kelly Polido Kaneshiro

doi:10.3390/ijerph15081778

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, food duplicate studies analyzing the levels of lead exposure through food have already been published by groups of several countries. Although direct comparison is difficult because of differences of methodology, very low lead intake through food has been reported in the duplicate food portion studies of children in South Korea (Median: 3.30 μg/kg BW/week, age 0 to 6 years) [39] and Brazil (Mean: 1.26 μg/kg BW/week, age 1 to 4 years) [40]. The results obtained in our study (Mean: 3.28 μg/kg BW/week, Median 2.67 μg/kg BW/week, age 1 to 3.5 years) was comparable to the results of these countries and were several times lower than those of China (Median: 15.66 μg/kg BW/week [41] or 11.55 μg/kg BW/week [42], age 1.9 to 7 years) and Poland (Mean: 11.57 μg/kg BW/week, age 4 to 6 years) [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral exposure to lead for Japanese children and pregnant women, estimated using duplicate food portions and house dust analyses

Ohtsu

Mise

Ikegami

et al. 2019

Environ Health Prev Med

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BackgroundLead is a toxic metal abundant in the environment. Consumption of food contaminated at low levels of lead, especially by small children and pregnant women, raises a health concern.MethodsDuplicated food portions and drinking water were collected over 3 days from 88 children and 87 pregnant women in Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. Participants were recruited in this study between January 2014 and October 2015. Dust was also collected from their homes. Lead concentrations were measured and consequent oral lead exposure levels were estimated for this population at high risk to environmental toxicants. Lead concentrations of peripheral and cord blood, taken from children and pregnant women, and were also analyzed.ResultsLead concentrations in food, drinking water, and house dust were low in general. Oral lead exposure to lead was higher for children (Mean ± SEM; 5.21 ± 0.30 μg/kg BW/week) than in pregnant women (1.47 ± 0.13 μg/kg BW/week). Food and house dust were main sources of lead contamination, but the contribution of house dust widely varied. Means ± SEM of peripheral and cord blood lead concentrations were 0.69 ± 0.04 μg/dL and 0.54 ± 0.05 μg/dL, respectively for pregnant women and 1.30 ± 0.07 μg/dL (peripheral only) in children. We detect no correlation between smoking situations and blood lead concentration in pregnant women.ConclusionWe conclude that oral lead exposure levels for Japanese children and pregnant women were generally low, with higher concentrations and exposure for children than for pregnant women. More efforts are necessary to clarify the sources of lead contamination and reduce lead exposure of the population at high risk even in Japan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral exposure to lead for Japanese children and pregnant women, estimated using duplicate food portions and house dust analyses

Ohtsu

Mise

Ikegami

et al. 2019

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Other hygiene and personal care products can also be a source of PTE exposure [52], adding to the risks estimated in the present study. Moreover, other sources unrelated to cosmetics may contribute to PTE exposure, such as toys, playground paints, diet, and occupational activities [55][56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentially Toxic Elements in Costume Cosmetics Used by Children and Adults Are Associated with Cancer Risk

Salles

Paniz

Batista

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Costume cosmetics, such as face paints and pancakes, are used by adults and children during Halloween, Carnival, or children’s parties. However, the metallic-based pigments used as dyes in these products may contain toxic elements associated with different levels of exposure. Objectives: (a) to determine the Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Sr concentrations in face paints and pancakes; and (b) to estimate cancer and non-cancer risks posed by the concentrations of each element in these products for dermal and ingestion exposure scenarios during children and adult use. (2) Methods: A total of 95 samples of face paints and pancakes (four brands in different textures and colors) were purchased at the largest high-street commercial center in São Paulo city, Brazil. An extraction procedure with nitric acid was carried out using a graphite-covered digester block. Toxic element determinations were performed using an ICP-MS. (3) Results: The non-cancer risks estimated were lower than 1, except for dermal exposure in adults for some target systems. High cancer risk values raise concerns in both groups. The risk for children ranged from 10−8 to 10−5 and proved higher in cases of accidental exposure by ingestion. For occupational exposure in adults, cancer risks were even higher, ranging from 10−3 to 10−5, with the highest values associated with dermal exposure. (4) Conclusions: The study results suggest the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in cosmetics should be regulated/monitored to protect human health, especially for occupational exposure and use by children.

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“…Students from 6 to 10 years of age have a part-time school period, having only one meal at school (lunch or dinner), and daily rice consumption for that age group was, therefore, estimated on the basis of the recommended quantity. From 1 to 5 years—data were obtained from a study involving 64 children at 2 daycare centers in the city of São Paulo [ 33 ], in which the portions of 24-h duplicate diet samples were recorded, including the food consumed at the daycare center and that consumed at home. The consumption of rice and soup containing rice was evaluated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 1 to 5 years—data were obtained from a study involving 64 children at 2 daycare centers in the city of São Paulo [ 33 ], in which the portions of 24-h duplicate diet samples were recorded, including the food consumed at the daycare center and that consumed at home. The consumption of rice and soup containing rice was evaluated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic in Rice in Brazil: A Human Health Risk Assessment

Toledo

Lee

Batista

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In certain populations, rice is the main source of exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs), which is associated with cancer and non-cancer effects. Although rice is a staple food in Brazil, there have been few studies about the health risks for the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to assess the risks of exposure to iAs from white rice and brown rice in Brazil, in terms of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects, and to propose measures to mitigate those risks. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) were calculated in a probabilistic framework. The mean ILCR was 1.5 × 10−4 for white rice and 6.0 × 10−6 for brown rice. The HQ for white and brown rice was under 1. The ILCR for white and brown rice was high, even though the iAs concentration in rice is below the maximum contaminant level. The risk for brown rice consumption was lower, which was not expected. Various mitigation measures discussed in this report are estimated to reduce the risk from rice consumption by 5–67%. With the support of public policies, measures to reduce these risks for the Brazilian population would have a positive impact on public health.

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Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 h Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Oral exposure to lead for Japanese children and pregnant women, estimated using duplicate food portions and house dust analyses

Oral exposure to lead for Japanese children and pregnant women, estimated using duplicate food portions and house dust analyses

Potentially Toxic Elements in Costume Cosmetics Used by Children and Adults Are Associated with Cancer Risk

Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic in Rice in Brazil: A Human Health Risk Assessment

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