Lead associated caries development in children living in a lead contaminated area, Thailand

Youravong, Nattaporn; Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi; Geater, Alan; Dahlén, Gunnar; Teanpaisan, Rawee

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.05.017

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The mean blood lead levels in these reports were between 2.1 (0.10 μmol/L) and 2.8 μg/dL (0.14 μmol/L) [18], specifically 10.7 μg/dL [19], 2.3 μg/dL [20], 7.2 μg/dL [21], and 4.6 μg/dL [22]. All these blood lead levels were higher than those in the present study (<5 μg/dL), which was recommended recently as the reference value by the US CDC to protect children [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Low blood lead levels and increased risk of dental caries in children: a cross-sectional study

Kim¹,

Kwon

et al. 2017

BMC Oral Health

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BackgroundThe objective of this study was to examine the association between low blood lead levels of <5 μg/dL and the development of dental caries among children.MethodsThe Children’s Health and Environment Research (CHEER) group recruited a cohort of 7,059 school-aged children from six Korean cities. The final study populations in the permanent and deciduous teeth groups were 1,564 and 1,241 children, respectively, after excluding 4 children with blood lead levels of >5 μg/dL. Compared with the children who did not have dental caries, the risk of having dental caries according to blood lead level was estimated by using the zero-inflated negative binomial model.ResultsThe geometric mean (geometric standard deviation, maximum) blood lead level was 1.53 μg/dL (1.57, 4.89 μg/dL), and 74.4% of children had a level of <2 μg/dL. Blood lead level was significantly higher in the children with than in those without deciduous dental caries (1.59 vs. 1.51 μg/dL), similarly with permanent dental caries (1.65 vs. 1.51 μg/dL). After adjustment for covariates, deciduous teeth surfaces that were decayed and filled increased significantly with increasing blood lead levels in a dose-dependent manner (prevalence ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.27). However, the risk of having dental caries in permanent teeth was not linearly associated with the increase in blood lead level.ConclusionsIn the sum of decayed and filled surfaces, we found a significant increase in risk of dental caries of the deciduous teeth with an increase in blood lead levels (<5 μg/dL) but found no statistical significance in the association with decayed and filled surfaces of caries separately.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Low blood lead levels and increased risk of dental caries in children: a cross-sectional study

Kim¹,

Kwon

et al. 2017

BMC Oral Health

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“…Data from previous studies have indicated that the intensity and extent of lead contamination in southern Thailand have been quite serious to boatyard workers (Thanapop et al 2007), their households (Untimanon et al 2009;Thanapop et al 2009) and the community (Geater et al 2000;Maharachpong et al 2006;Youravong et al 2006) through different routes of environmental dispersion (Untimanon et al, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty-six tons of lead oxide used per year in wooden boat building and repairing in southern Thailand

Chongsuvivatwong

Kaeosanit

Untimanon

2010

Environ Geochem Health

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In southern Thailand, the wooden boat building and repair industry uses powdered lead oxide (Pb(3)O(4,) or red lead) in the caulking process. This had been shown to be a significant source of contamination in the workplace and the communities. This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the amount of lead oxide used in the region and to document the management of hazardous waste product in this industry. All boatyards in southern Thailand registered to the Ministry of Industry were visited with walk-through observation. After consent, questionnaire-based interviews were conducted among workers and boatyard owners who rented out the space for building and repairing the boats. Of the 63 active boatyards identified, approximately 26 tons of lead oxide was used to repair approximately 8,000 boats each year. Due to the casual employment system in this industry, no facility for the protection of workers and the environment from lead contamination exists. The findings indicate the need for further studies on the extent of contamination in the broader area. Intervention programmes are also urgently needed to reduce the release of this hazardous waste into the community.

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“…Exposure to lead and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which has high concentrations of cadmium, has been linked with an increased risk of dental caries in children (Aligne et al 2003; Gemmel et al 2002; Moss et al 1999). These studies consistently reported positive associations between environmental exposures and caries in deciduous teeth (baby teeth) but not in permanent teeth (Aligne et al 2003; Gemmel et al 2002; Youravong et al 2006), indicating that children’s deciduous dentition may be particularly susceptible to environmental toxicants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Association of Environmental Cadmium Exposure with Pediatric Dental Caries

Arora

Weuve²,

Schwartz

et al. 2008

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundAlthough animal experiments have shown that cadmium exposure results in severe dental caries, limited epidemiologic data are available on this issue.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the relationship between environmental cadmium exposure and dental caries in children 6–12 years of age.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data, including urine cadmium concentrations and counts of decayed or filled tooth surfaces, from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression to estimate the association between urine cadmium concentrations and caries experience, adjusting these analyses for potential confounders including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).ResultsUrine cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.38 ng/mL. Approximately 56% of children had experienced caries in their deciduous teeth, and almost 30% had been affected by caries in their permanent dentition. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in creatinine-corrected cadmium concentrations (0.21 μg/g creatinine) corresponded to a 16% increase in the odds of having experienced caries in deciduous teeth [prevalence odds ratio (OR) = 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.96–1.40]. This association was statistically significant in children with low ETS exposure (prevalence OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01–1.67). The results from the ZINB regression indicated that, among children with any caries history in their deciduous teeth, an IQR increase in cadmium was associated with 17% increase in the number of decayed or filled surfaces. We observed no association between cadmium and caries experience in permanent teeth.ConclusionsEnvironmental cadmium exposure may be associated with increased risk of dental caries in deciduous teeth of children.

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Lead associated caries development in children living in a lead contaminated area, Thailand

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Association between Low blood lead levels and increased risk of dental caries in children: a cross-sectional study

Association between Low blood lead levels and increased risk of dental caries in children: a cross-sectional study

Twenty-six tons of lead oxide used per year in wooden boat building and repairing in southern Thailand

Association of Environmental Cadmium Exposure with Pediatric Dental Caries

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