Lead and Copper in Drinking Water Fountains–Information for Physicians

Cech, Irina; Smolensky, Michael H.; Afshar, Masoud; Broyles, Gregory; Barczyk, Matthew; Burau, Keith; Emery, Robert J.

doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000198495.41559.f6

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The concentration of Cu in the locations was in a range of 0.37 mg L − 1 found in location 4 to 0.50 mg L − 1 observed in location 3. This element should be tested in future studies not only on surface water but in public areas as well because it has been proven that drinking fountains may be an important source of this element [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of the Conchos River in Mexico: Does It Pose a Health Risk to Local Residents?

Rubio-Arias

Quintana

Jimenez-Castro

et al. 2010

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Presently, water contamination issues are of great concern worldwide. Mexico has not escaped this environmental problem, which negatively affects aquifers, water bodies and biodiversity; but most of all, public health. The objective was to determine the level of water contamination in six tributaries of the Conchos River and to relate their levels to human health risks. Bimonthly samples were obtained from each location during 2005 and 2006. Physical-chemical variables (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Total solids and total nitrogen) as well as heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Zn, and Li) were determined. The statistical analysis considered yearly, monthly, and location effects, and their interactions. Temperatures differed only as a function of the sampling month (P < 0.001) and the pH was different for years (P = 0.006), months (P < 0.001) and the interaction years x months (P = 0.018). The EC was different for each location (P < 0.001), total solids did not change and total nitrogen was different for years (P < 0.001), months (P < 0.001) and the interaction years x months (P < 0.001). The As concentration was different for months (P = 0.008) and the highest concentration was detected in February samples with 0.11 mg L−1. The Cr was different for months (P < 0.001) and the interaction years x months (P < 0.001), noting the highest value of 0.25 mg L−1. The Cu, Fe, Mn, Va and Zn were different for years, months, and their interaction. The highest value of Cu was 2.50 mg L−1; for Fe, it was 16.36 mg L−1; for Mn it was 1.66 mg L−1; V was 0.55 mg L−1; and Zn was 0.53 mg L−1. For Ni, there were differences for years (P = 0.030), months (P < 0.001), and locations (P = 0.050), with the highest Ni value being 0.47 mg L−1. The Li level was the same for sampling month (P < 0.001). This information can help prevent potential health risks in the communities established along the river watershed who use this natural resource for swimming and fishing. Some of the contaminant concentrations found varied from year to year, from month to month and from location to location which necessitated a continued monitoring process to determine under which conditions the concentrations of toxic elements surpass existing norms for natural waters.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of the Conchos River in Mexico: Does It Pose a Health Risk to Local Residents?

Rubio-Arias

Quintana

Jimenez-Castro

et al. 2010

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mean concentrations of Pb in water samples taken from Doroudzan Reservoir, Band-e-Amir, and Korbal (e.g., the upper, middle, and lower zones) were 2.83, 7.49, and 4.68 mg/L, respectively; these values are lower than the lethal concentrations of Pb in water for cyprinids (100 mg/L), although low levels of Pb pollution could cause some adverse effects on fish health and reproduction (Delistraty and Stone 2007). The maximum allowed concentrations of Hg and Cd in fish meat according to the standards stipulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States are 0.2 and 1 ppm (mg/kg), respectively (Cech et al 2006;Sun et al 2006); the highest concentrations of Hg and Cd in fish tissues from the Kor River were higher than this allowance, but the concentration of As was lower than the maximum allowed (5 mg/kg). Because the concentrations of Hg, Pb, and Cd in edible muscles exceeded the maximum levels allowed, these fish were unsuitable for human consumption (Ettler et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Concentration of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish (Cyprinus carpio and Capoeta sp.) from the Kor River (Iran)

Ebrahimi

Taherianfard

2009

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concentration of heavy metals in aquatic animals mainly occurs due to industrial contamination. In this study, the concentrations of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish and in water collected from three sections of the Kor River, Iran were determined using the inductively coupled plasma method. Pathological and hormonal changes due to metal contamination were also measured. The concentrations of heavy metals in tissue of fish from the middle sampling zone were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those from the other two sampling zones, whereas no significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected between the two sexes and species. High levels of metals were found in the ovaries and testes; estradiol in females and progesterone and testosterone in males from the middle study site were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than values from the other two sites. Pathological changes in blood cells, liver, and kidneys of fishes were significantly higher in highly polluted areas (middle sampling zone). These results show that industrial activities have polluted the river and that the maximum concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg were higher than the permissible levels for human consumption.

show abstract

“…The mean concentrations of Pb in water samples taken from Doroudzan Reservoir, Band-e-Amir, and Korbal (e.g., the upper, middle, and lower zones) were 2.83, 7.49, and 4.68 mg/l, respectively; these (HE staining,×160) values are lower than the lethal concentrations of Pb in water for cyprinids (100 mg/l), although low levels of Pb pollution could cause some adverse effects on fish health and reproduction (Delistraty and Stone 2007). The maximum allowed concentrations of Hg and Cd in fish meat according to the standards stipulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the USA are 0.2 and 1 ppm (mg/kg), respectively (Cech et al 2006;Sun et al 2006); the highest concentrations of Hg and Cd in fish tissues from the Kor River were higher than this allowance, but the concentration of As was lower than the maximum allowed (5 mg/kg). Because the concentrations of Hg, Pb, and Cd in edible muscles exceeded the maximum levels allowed, these fish were unsuitable for human consumption (Ettler et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pathological and Hormonal Changes in Freshwater Fishes Due to Exposure to Heavy Metals Pollutants

Ebrahimi

Taherianfard

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concentrations of major heavy metals in organs of two cyprinid fish and in water collected from three sections of the Kor River, Iran, were determined using the induction coupled plasma method. The concentrations of heavy metals in tissue of fish from the middle sampling zone were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those from the other two sampling zones, whereas no significant differences (p>0.05) were detected between the two sexes and species. Estradiol in females and progesterone and testosterone in males from the middle study site were significantly (p<0.05) lower than values from the other two sites. Pathological changes in blood cells, liver, and kidneys of fishes were significantly higher in highly polluted areas (middle sampling zone). So heavy metals exposure can effectively decreases estrogenic and androgenic secretion in fish. These results show that industrial activities have polluted the river and that heavy metals exposure can induce pathological changes in fish organs.

show abstract

Lead and Copper in Drinking Water Fountains–Information for Physicians

Abstract: This study showed that drinking water fountains can be an unexpected and unappreciated source of intake of metal and bacterial contaminants.

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Contamination of the Conchos River in Mexico: Does It Pose a Health Risk to Local Residents?

Contamination of the Conchos River in Mexico: Does It Pose a Health Risk to Local Residents?

Concentration of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish (Cyprinus carpio and Capoeta sp.) from the Kor River (Iran)

Pathological and Hormonal Changes in Freshwater Fishes Due to Exposure to Heavy Metals Pollutants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About