Leaching of Oxide Copper Ores by Addition of Weak Acid from Copper Smelters

Araya, Giselle; Toro, Norman; Castillo, Jonathan; Guzmán, Danny; Guzmán, Alexis; Hernández, Pía; Jeldres, Ricardo I.; Sepúlveda, Rossana

doi:10.3390/met10050627

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The results show that heaps of -40 mm ore leached for 68 days produced a copper leaching rate of up to 85.8% and the consumption of the dilute sulfuric acid was 24.2 kg per tonore. In another study, Araya et al [26] reported dilute H 2 SO 4 consumption of 122.6 kg/tone of copper ore, the ore was crushed and milled to a particle size below 150 m in this study. Azmayandeh et al [27] investigated the acid consumption in a heap leaching process to recover copper from low grade oxide-sulfide copper ore.…”

Section: Acid Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Leaching of Copper Ores: Effects of Operating Variables

Mubarak¹

2020

IJETER

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Leaching of copper from a Jordanian copper ore has been studied using a stirred batch reactor with hydrochloric acid as the main lixiviant, under the following conditions: temperature 25 -45 o C, acid concentration 0.05 -0.2 N, particle size 462 -1850 m, stirring speed of 700 -1000 rpm, and solid/liquid ratio of 1 -4 g/L. It was found that the rate of leaching of copper ore with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, increases with temperature and acid concentration, while it decreases with increasing particle size. At the same operating conditions, leaching with sulfuric acid gave slightly greater conversion than leaching with hydrochloric acid, particularly at operating conditions of high temperature, high acid concentration, and small ore particle sizes. A maximum copper dissolution of about 87 % can be recovered at a leaching temperature of 45 o C, 462 m particle size, 0.2 N hydrochloric acid, 1.0 g/L solid to liquid ratio, and 1000 rpm stirring speed. Keeping all these operating parameters constant while decreasing the hydrochloric acid concentration to 0.05 N will decrease the copper dissolution to 83 %. On the other hand, decreasing the leaching temperature to 25 o C while keeping the other parameters fixed at 0.2 N, 1.0 g/L solid to liquid ratio, 1000 rpm stirring speed, and a particle size of 462 m decreases the copper dissolution to 80 %.

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Section: Acid Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Leaching of Copper Ores: Effects of Operating Variables

Mubarak¹

2020

IJETER

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“…Note that pyrite accounts for 0.68% of the mineral, whereas chalcocite/digenite/covellite account for 0.42% and chalcopyrite/bornite 0.08%. Data on the mineralogical composition of copper oxide ores from Chile may be found elsewhere [60]. The chemical composition of Chilean copper sulfide ores in terms of Cu and Fe concentrations are shown in Table 3A, whereas Table 3B shows a more detailed chemical composition of copper sulfide ores from northern Chile.…”

Section: Copper Sulfide Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentration data for other elements in copper ores, such as the critical metals, are scarce in the literature due to the difficulty in determining the composition of trace elements. Data on the chemical composition of oxide copper ores from Chile may also be found in the literature [60].…”

Section: Copper Sulfide Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies

et al. 2022

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The mining industry has faced significant challenges to maintaining copper production technically, economically, and environmentally viable. Some of the major limitations that must be overcome in the coming years are the copper ore grade decline due to its intense exploitation, the increasing requirements for environmental protection, and the need to expand and construct new tailings dams. Furthermore, the risk of a supply crisis of critical metals, such as antimony and bismuth, has prompted efforts to increase their extraction from secondary resources in copper production. Therefore, improving conventional processes and developing new technologies is crucial to satisfying the world’s metal demands, while respecting the policies of environmental organizations. Hence, it is essential that the chemical composition of each copper production stage is known for conducting these studies, which may be challenging due to the huge variability of concentration data concerning the ore extraction region, the process type, and the operational conditions. This paper presents a review of chemical composition data of the main stages of copper production from sulfide minerals, such as (1) copper minerals, (2) flotation tailings, (3) flotation concentrates, (4) slags and (5) flue dust from the smelting/converting stage, (6) copper anodes, (7) anode slimes, (8) contaminated electrolytes from the electrorefining stage, (9) electrolytes cleaned by ion-exchange resins, and (10) elution solutions from the resins. In addition, the main contributions of recent works on copper production are summarized herein. This study is focused on production sites from Chile since it is responsible for almost one-third of the world’s copper production.

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“…Most of the world's copper reserves are found as sulfide phases, and 80% of the copper from deposits is obtained from Cu-Fe-S ores [1]. Traditionally, froth flotation and pyrometallurgical processes have been used for the treatment of copper concentrates from high-grade copper ores [2,3]. However, the constant decrease in ore grade, presence of toxic elements, and stricter environmental legislations make the hydrometallurgical option way more attractive [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pre-Treatment with Sodium Chloride/Sulfuric Acid on the Bornite Concentrate Leaching in Chloride Medium

Navarro

Vargas

Bahamonde

et al. 2020

Metals

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In this work, the effect of the pre-treatment of bornite concentrate with a sodium chloride–sulfuric acid mixture prior to leaching with chloride solutions was evaluated. The influence of the dosage of NaCl and the resting time in the copper solution was evaluated. The solid residues of the pre-treatment were characterized by XRD to evaluate the changes that took place in the bornite. The experimental results show that as the sitting time and the amount of sodium chloride added are increased, the dissolution of the sulfide species also increased. The pre-treatment affects Cu preferentially because it has greater mobility than iron in the bornite crystal lattice. The pre-treatment promotes the formation of soluble Cu and Fe species. The efficiency of the pre-treatment depends largely on the formation of hydrochloric acid in the mixture at the particle level, due to the ease with which it diffuses through the bornite particles, achieving greater penetration of the pre-treatment.

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Leaching of Oxide Copper Ores by Addition of Weak Acid from Copper Smelters

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Leaching of Copper Ores: Effects of Operating Variables

Leaching of Copper Ores: Effects of Operating Variables

Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies

Effect of Pre-Treatment with Sodium Chloride/Sulfuric Acid on the Bornite Concentrate Leaching in Chloride Medium

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