Leaching of Metolachlor, Atrazine, and Atrazine Metabolites into Groundwater

Masse, L.; Prasher, Shiv O.; Khan, S. U.; Arjoon, Diane; Barrington, Suzelle

doi:10.13031/2013.28143

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Bowman [17] studied movement of ATR, terbuthylazine (TBA), and MET in lysimeters packed with 91.5% sand, 1.5% silt, 7% clay, and 0.7% organic matter, and the order of relative mobility was ATR Ͼ TBA Ͼ MET. Masse and others [18] also reported similar mobilities of ATR and DEA, both of which showed greater mobility than MET.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Relative mobilities of atrazine, five atrazine degradates, metolachlor, and simazine in soils of iowa

Kruger

Coats

Zhu

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The relative mobilities of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), five atrazine degradates, metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]-acetamide), and simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis-[ethylamino]-s-triazine) were determined in both surface and subsurface soils from five locations in Iowa by soil thin-layer chromatography (STLC). Based on mobility of the compounds, four groups were identified from this study. Deethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylaminos-triazine) was the most mobile compound. The intermediate mobility group included atrazine, deisopropylatrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-amino-s-triazine), and didealkylatrazine (2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine). The less mobile group included metolachlor and simazine, and the nearly immobile group consisted of ammeline (4,6-diamine-s-triazine-2-ol) and hydroxyatrazine (2-hydroxy-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine). A clear division between the intermediate and less mobile group was not seen in all soils. Mobilities of all eight compounds in this study were negatively correlated with soil organic matter content (p Յ 0.05) and positively correlated (except for didealkylatrazine) with sand content (p Յ 0.05). The greatest degree of mobility for the compounds studied was seen in Fruitland (sandy) and Nashua (sandy clay loam) subsurface soils, which also had the least organic matter contents. The mobility relationship of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine in this study (deethylatrazine Ն atrazine Ն deisopropylatrazine) is consistent with groundwater monitoring reports. Similar mobilities of atrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and didealkylatrazine in some soils of this study suggest that didealkylatrazine is mobile enough to reach groundwater and therefore should be looked for in routine monitoring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Relative mobilities of atrazine, five atrazine degradates, metolachlor, and simazine in soils of iowa

Kruger

Coats

Zhu

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The adsorption of atrazine and trifluralin decreased considerably when a soil with high organic matter content was treated with sodium hypochlorite to remove the organic matter (Francioso et al, 1992). The higher sand content of the river sediment possibly increases soil porosity thereby permitting easier flow of metolachlor in water (Masse et al, 1994). Ritter et al (1991) reported high mobility of metolachlor through macropores to shallow ground water in the sandy soils of MidAtlantic states.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaching of metolachlor and its metabolites into groundwater has been studied (Masse et al, 1994), as has its distribution in sandy soil (Burgard et al, 1993). With precipitation and/or irrigation metolachlor moves rapidly to ground water (Bowman, 1990;Ritter et al, 1991;Arjoon et al, 1991); metolachlor was found in most wells near a conventional tilled field because of higher mobility under saturated flow conditions (Taylor and Weber, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of River and Wetland Sediments on Toxicity of Metolachlor

Karuppiah

Liggans

Gupta

1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…The relatively medium water solubility and high partitioning coefficient indicates high adsorption and metolachlor's low mobility in soil (Colby et al, 1989;Masse et al, 1994). Although high adsorption should increase metolachlor retention in soil, there are a number of cases where metolachlor residues have been detected in Canadian and American groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of metolachlor under subirrigation in a sandy soil: A lysimeter study

Jebellie

Prasher

Bassi

2000

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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A three-year field lysimeter study was conducted to investigate the role of subirrigation systems in reducing the risk of water pollution from metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methlphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)ace tamide). Nine large PVC lysimeters, 1 m long x 0.45 m diameter, were packed with a sandy soil. Three water table management treatments, i.e. two subirrigation treatments with constant water table depths of 0.4 and 0.8 m, respectively, and a free drainage treatment in a completely randomized design with three replicates were used. Corn (Zea mays L.) was grown in each lysimeter, and at the beginning of summer of each year metolachlor was applied, at the locally recommended rate of 2.75 kg a.i./ha. Soil and water samples were collected at different time intervals after each natural or simulated rainfall event. Metolachlor was extracted from these samples and analyzed using Gas Chromatography. Results obtained in this three year study, (1993-1995), lead to the conclusion that metolachlor is quite mobile since it leached to a depth of 0.85 m below the soil surface quite early in the growing season. Metolachlor concentrations decreased with depth as well as with time. The shallower water table in the 0.4 m subirrigation treatment showed less residues in the soil solution than that of other treatments. However, a mass balance study, supported by an independent laboratory investigation, shows that water table management, statistically, has no significant effect on the reduction of metolachlor residues in sandy soils.

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Leaching of Metolachlor, Atrazine, and Atrazine Metabolites into Groundwater

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Relative mobilities of atrazine, five atrazine degradates, metolachlor, and simazine in soils of iowa

Relative mobilities of atrazine, five atrazine degradates, metolachlor, and simazine in soils of iowa

Effect of River and Wetland Sediments on Toxicity of Metolachlor

Fate of metolachlor under subirrigation in a sandy soil: A lysimeter study

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